{"id":24330,"date":"2026-04-23T22:27:32","date_gmt":"2026-04-23T16:57:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/?p=24330"},"modified":"2026-04-23T22:27:32","modified_gmt":"2026-04-23T16:57:32","slug":"sangam-literature","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/sangam-literature\/","title":{"rendered":"Sangam Literature Sources Nature Themes and Historical Importance"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sangam literature is one of the oldest literary traditions in India, giving us a deep insight into early South Indian history, society, culture, and polity. It mainly belongs to the Tamil region and is considered a rich source for understanding the life of people during the early historic period.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/courses\/ugc-net?utm_source=website_seo1&amp;utm_medium=blog1&amp;utm_campaign=study_planner1&amp;utm_id=seo_3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-14802\" src=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ai-owered-300x75.webp\" alt=\"Study Planner\" width=\"860\" height=\"215\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ai-owered-300x75.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ai-owered-1024x256.webp 1024w, https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ai-owered-768x192.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ai-owered-1536x384.webp 1536w, https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ai-owered-2048x512.webp 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 860px) 100vw, 860px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h2><b>What is Sangam literature<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sangam literature refers to a collection of ancient Tamil texts composed roughly between 300 BCE to 300 CE. These texts were believed to be composed in assemblies called Sangams, where poets and scholars gathered to present their work.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">These works are not just literary pieces. They also act as historical records. They help us understand political structures, economic activities, social life, and cultural values of that time.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-24341\" src=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Sangam-literature.png\" alt=\"Sangam literature\" width=\"512\" height=\"337\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Sangam-literature.png 512w, https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Sangam-literature-300x197.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2><b>Historical background of Sangam age<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Sangam age marks an important phase in South Indian history. It coincides with the early historic period when trade, agriculture, and urbanization were developing rapidly.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Three major kingdoms ruled this region:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chera<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chola<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pandya<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">These kingdoms supported poets and scholars, which helped in the growth of Sangam literature. The rulers often rewarded poets for praising their achievements.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/courses\/ugc-net\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>Enroll UGC NET Online Coaching<\/b><\/a><\/p>\n<h2><b>Sources of Sangam literature<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sangam literature provides multiple sources that help historians reconstruct the past. These sources are literary, archaeological, and foreign accounts.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Literary sources<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The main source is Sangam literature itself. It is divided into different collections.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><b>Major collections<\/b><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ettuthokai (Eight Anthologies)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pattupattu (Ten Idylls)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tolkappiyam (grammar text)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">These texts contain poems that talk about love, war, kingship, trade, and everyday life.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Epics and post-Sangam works<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Later works also add to our understanding.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Silappadikaram<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Manimekalai<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">These texts describe social customs, trade routes, and religious beliefs.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Archaeological sources<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Material evidence supports the literary data.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Coins of Roman origin<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pottery and inscriptions<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Megalithic burials<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">These findings show active trade and cultural contacts.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Foreign accounts<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Greek and Roman writers like Pliny and Ptolemy mention South India.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">They describe:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Trade with Rome<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ports like Muziris<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Export of spices and pearls<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>Nature of Sangam literature<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The nature of Sangam literature is unique. It reflects real life rather than mythological imagination. It is simple, direct, and human-centered.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Key features<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><b>Secular in Nature<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Works and inscriptions from this period, including cultural narratives, show a <\/span><b>balanced approach to religion and governance<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Even though Kharavela promoted Jainism, he <\/span><b>respected all religions<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and avoided imposing beliefs on anyone, reflecting a <\/span><b>secular mindset<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in rulership and public life.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Focus on Human Emotions<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Inscriptions and cultural records often reflect <\/span><b>the concerns, struggles, and achievements of people<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, not just the ruler.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Festivals, public works, and patronage of arts show sensitivity to <\/span><b>human emotions and societal well-being<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, emphasizing a ruler who cared for his subjects.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Realistic Descriptions<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Hathigumpha Inscription and other records are <\/span><b>detailed and practical<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, describing real events, campaigns, and administrative measures.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This realism makes the accounts <\/span><b>historically reliable<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, showing both achievements and the methods used to accomplish them.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Regional Identity<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cultural and administrative records emphasize <\/span><b>Kalinga\u2019s unique regional identity<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, traditions, and governance.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Patronage of local art, festivals, and Jain institutions strengthened <\/span><b>regional pride<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, distinguishing Kalinga from other contemporary kingdoms.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/courses\/ugc-net\"><b>Enroll UGC NET Online Course<\/b><\/a><\/p>\n<h2><b>Classification of Sangam literature<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sangam literature is mainly divided into two broad categories.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Akam literature<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Akam means inner or personal.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It deals with:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Love<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Emotions<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Relationships<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It does not mention names of people or places. It focuses on universal human feelings.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Puram literature<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Puram means outer or public.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It deals with:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">War<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kingship<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Heroism<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Generosity<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It often mentions real kings and events.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/play.google.com\/store\/apps\/details?id=com.govtjobs.alertapp&amp;utm_source=blog&amp;utm_medium=website&amp;utm_campaign=app_download\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-14807\" src=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/JRF-Adda-in-your-pocket-app-300x100.webp\" alt=\"App JRF Adda\" width=\"909\" height=\"303\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/JRF-Adda-in-your-pocket-app-300x100.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/JRF-Adda-in-your-pocket-app-1024x341.webp 1024w, https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/JRF-Adda-in-your-pocket-app-768x256.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/JRF-Adda-in-your-pocket-app-900x300.webp 900w, https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/JRF-Adda-in-your-pocket-app-620x207.webp 620w, https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/JRF-Adda-in-your-pocket-app-400x133.webp 400w, https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/JRF-Adda-in-your-pocket-app.webp 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 909px) 100vw, 909px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h2><b>Themes in Sangam Literature<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sangam literature is one of the <\/span><b>richest sources of information on ancient Tamil society<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, reflecting its emotions, values, and way of life. The poems are divided broadly into <\/span><b>Akam (interior, personal life)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and <\/span><b>Puram (exterior, public life)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, covering diverse themes that help us understand the society of the time.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Love and Emotions (Akam Poems)<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Akam poems explore <\/span><b>human relationships and emotions<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, often using <\/span><b>nature as a metaphor<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. They beautifully depict the <\/span><b>different stages of love<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, including:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Union:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Joyful moments of togetherness between lovers.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Separation:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Feelings of longing and sadness when apart.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Waiting:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Patience and hope during periods of absence.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Conflict:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Tensions arising in relationships.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">These poems connect human emotions to the <\/span><b>landscapes around them<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, showing how love, joy, sorrow, and anticipation were intertwined with the natural world.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/ugc-net-coaching-in-jaipur\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>Enroll UGC NET Coaching in Jaipur<\/b><\/a><\/p>\n<h3><b>War and Valor (Puram Poems)<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Puram poems focus on <\/span><b>public life, heroism, and battles<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. They describe:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Kings fighting wars<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to protect or expand their kingdoms.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Soldiers showing courage and skill<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> on the battlefield.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Honor and sacrifice<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, emphasizing loyalty, duty, and valor.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">These poems give a <\/span><b>detailed picture of military life<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, political ambitions, and the social importance of bravery in Sangam society.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Nature and Environment<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nature is a <\/span><b>central theme<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in Sangam literature, often symbolizing human emotions. The literature classifies landscapes, each associated with <\/span><b>specific feelings or life events<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Hills:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Often connected to love and romance.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Forests:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Associated with separation or challenges.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Plains:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Linked to agriculture and prosperity.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Seashore:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Related to journeys, trade, and longing.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Desert:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Sometimes symbolizing hardship and endurance.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nature is not merely a backdrop; it <\/span><b>mirrors human life<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, emotions, and social conditions.<\/span><b> Society and Daily Life<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sangam poems also provide <\/span><b>detailed descriptions of everyday life<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, including:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Food habits<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and cuisine.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Clothing and ornaments<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Occupations<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, ranging from farmers, warriors, and traders to artisans.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Festivals and cultural events<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, showing how society celebrated and honored traditions.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Through these vivid depictions, Sangam literature offers a <\/span><b>comprehensive view of social organization, customs, and lifestyle<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>Sangam literature as a historical source<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sangam literature is a valuable historical source. It provides information about various aspects of life.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Sangam literature information categories<\/b><\/h3>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Aspect<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>Details<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Political<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kings, administration, warfare<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Economic<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Trade, agriculture, crafts<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Social<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Caste, role of women<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cultural<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Music, dance, festivals<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Religious<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Beliefs, rituals<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2><b>Political Life in the Sangam Age<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><b>Sangam Age<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (c. 3rd century BCE \u2013 3rd century CE) is well-documented in <\/span><b>Sangam literature<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, which provides rich insights into political systems and governance.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Key Features<\/b><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Monarchy was common:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Most regions were ruled by kings who held significant authority.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Powerful rulers:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Kings were expected to <\/span><b>protect their people, maintain justice, and promote trade<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Local chiefs existed:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Regional chieftains assisted the kings in administration, especially in rural areas.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The political system reflects a <\/span><b>well-organized, hierarchical yet flexible governance structure<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, ensuring both central authority and local autonomy.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.flipkart.com\/ugc-net-general-paper-1-hand-written-book-jrfadda-notes-aditi-ma-m\/p\/itm494f814128b46\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-14809\" src=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/book-banner-2-300x100.webp\" alt=\"JRF Adda Book\" width=\"864\" height=\"288\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/book-banner-2-300x100.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/book-banner-2-1024x341.webp 1024w, https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/book-banner-2-768x256.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/book-banner-2-900x300.webp 900w, https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/book-banner-2-620x207.webp 620w, https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/book-banner-2-400x133.webp 400w, https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/book-banner-2.webp 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 864px) 100vw, 864px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h2><b>Economic Conditions<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The economy during the Sangam Age was <\/span><b>vibrant and diverse<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, supporting both local needs and international trade.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Main Activities<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><b>Agriculture:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The backbone of the economy, with cultivation of rice, millet, and other crops.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Craft production:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Skilled artisans produced textiles, jewelry, and metalwork.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Trade:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Internal trade<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> connected villages, towns, and regional markets.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>External trade<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> flourished with the Roman Empire and other regions.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Exports<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> included <\/span><b>spices, pearls, and precious stones<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, transported via ports along the coast.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The active participation in trade, both domestic and international, shows that the <\/span><b>Sangam economy was strong and prosperous<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>Social Structure<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sangam literature presents a <\/span><b>relatively simple and flexible social structure<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> compared to later rigid caste systems.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Key Features<\/b><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Occupational groups:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Society was organized around occupations\u2014warriors, farmers, and traders.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Role of women:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Women held <\/span><b>significant social and cultural roles<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Participated in poetry and literature.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Enjoyed <\/span><b>freedom in marriage and personal choice<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Actively contributed to social and community life.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The society was <\/span><b>dynamic and inclusive<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, allowing people to engage in cultural and economic activities based on their abilities.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/ugc-net-coaching-in-jaipur\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>Enroll UGC NET Offline Coaching in Jaipur<\/b><\/a><\/p>\n<h2><b>Religion and Beliefs<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Religion in the Sangam Age was <\/span><b>simple, nature-based, and closely tied to landscapes<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Main Beliefs<\/b><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Nature worship:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Reverence for forests, rivers, and animals.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Hero worship:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Honoring brave warriors and kings.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Ancestor worship:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Paying respect to deceased ancestors for protection and guidance.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b>Deities Linked with Landscapes<\/b><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Murugan<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> worshipped in the hills.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Varuna<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> associated with the sea.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Religion was <\/span><b>practical, community-oriented, and integrated with daily life<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, influencing festivals and cultural practices.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>Cultural Life<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sangam literature reflects a <\/span><b>rich and vibrant cultural life<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Key Aspects<\/b><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Music and Dance:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Integral to festivals, royal ceremonies, and social gatherings.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Festivals:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Celebrations were tied to agriculture, religious events, and hero worship.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Poetry Tradition:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Poets enjoyed <\/span><b>high social respect<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, with literature celebrating love, valor, ethics, and nature.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cultural activities were deeply <\/span><b>interwoven with political, economic, and religious life<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, highlighting a sophisticated and harmonious society.<\/span><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; height: 23px;\" colspan=\"4\"><b>Read UGC NET Notes<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/archaeological-sources-for-ugc-net\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Archaeological Sources for UGC NET<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/epigraphy-study-of-inscriptions\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Epigraphy \u2013 Study of Inscriptions<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/meaning-of-historical-sources\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Meaning of Historical Sources<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Archaeological<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/meaning-of-historical-sources\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Meaning of Historical Sources<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/archaeological-sources-for-ugc-net\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Archaeological Sources for UGC NET<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/literary-sources-in-history\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Literary Sources in History<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Archaeological<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">3<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/exploration-in-archaeology\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Exploration in Archaeology<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/excavation-techniques-in-archaeology\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Excavation Techniques in Archaeology<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/dating-of-archaeological-sites\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dating of Archaeological Sites<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Archaeological<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">4<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/excavation-techniques-in-archaeology\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Excavation Techniques in Archaeology<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/exploration-in-archaeology\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Exploration in Archaeology<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/dating-of-archaeological-sites\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dating of Archaeological Sites<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Archaeological<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">5<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/epigraphy-study-of-inscriptions\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Epigraphy \u2013 Study of Inscriptions<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/inscriptions-in-reconstructing-history\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Inscriptions in Reconstructing History<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/numismatics-in-history\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Numismatics in History<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Archaeological<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">6<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/inscriptions-in-reconstructing-history\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Inscriptions in Reconstructing History<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/epigraphy-study-of-inscriptions\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Epigraphy \u2013 Study of Inscriptions<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/archaeological-sources-for-ugc-net\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Archaeological Sources for UGC NET<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Archaeological<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">7<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/numismatics-in-history\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Numismatics in History<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/importance-of-coins-in-history\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Importance of Coins in History<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/epigraphy-study-of-inscriptions\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Epigraphy \u2013 Study of Inscriptions<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Archaeological<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">8<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/importance-of-coins-in-history\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Importance of Coins in History<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/numismatics-in-history\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Numismatics in History<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/archaeological-sources-for-ugc-net\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Archaeological Sources for UGC NET<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Archaeological<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">9<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/dating-of-archaeological-sites\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dating of Archaeological Sites<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/excavation-techniques-in-archaeology\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Excavation Techniques in Archaeology<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/dating-ancient-literary-sources\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dating Ancient Literary Sources<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Archaeological<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">10<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/indigenous-literature\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Indigenous Literature<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/literary-sources-in-history\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Literary Sources in History<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/secular-literature-as-historical-source\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Secular Literature as Historical Source<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Literary<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">11<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/dating-ancient-literary-sources\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dating Ancient Literary Sources<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/literary-sources-in-history\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Literary Sources in History<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/dating-of-archaeological-sites\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dating of Archaeological Sites<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Literary<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">12<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/literary-sources-in-history\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Literary Sources in History<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/indigenous-literature\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Indigenous Literature<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/foreign-accounts-of-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Foreign Accounts of India<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Literary<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">13<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/foreign-accounts-of-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Foreign Accounts of India<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/greek-accounts-on-ancient-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Greek Accounts on Ancient India<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/chinese-accounts-on-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chinese Accounts on India<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Literary<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">14<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/greek-accounts-on-ancient-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Greek Accounts on Ancient India<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/foreign-accounts-of-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Foreign Accounts of India<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/chinese-accounts-on-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chinese Accounts on India<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Literary<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">15<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/secular-literature-as-historical-source\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Secular Literature as Historical Source<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/literary-sources-in-history\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Literary Sources in History<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/indigenous-literature\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Indigenous Literature<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Literary<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 47px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">16<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/role-of-myths-and-legends-in-historical-reconstruction\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Role of Myths and Legends in Historical Reconstruction<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/literary-sources-in-history\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Literary Sources in History<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/secular-literature-as-historical-source\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Secular Literature as Historical Source<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Literary<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">17<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/chinese-accounts-on-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chinese Accounts on India<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/foreign-accounts-of-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Foreign Accounts of India<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/greek-accounts-on-ancient-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Greek Accounts on Ancient India<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Literary<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">18<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/arabic-accounts-on-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Arabic Accounts on India<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/foreign-accounts-of-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Foreign Accounts of India<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/chinese-accounts-on-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chinese Accounts on India<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Literary<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">19<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/neolithic-and-chalcolithic-phases\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Neolithic and Chalcolithic Phases<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/neolithic-revolution-in-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Neolithic Revolution in India<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/chalcolithic-culture-in-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chalcolithic Culture in India<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Neolithic<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">20<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/hunting-gathering-food-production\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hunting, Gathering &amp; Food Production<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/neolithic-revolution-in-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Neolithic Revolution in India<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/neolithic-settlements-in-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Neolithic Settlements in India<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Neolithic<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">21<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/neolithic-revolution-in-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Neolithic Revolution in India<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/neolithic-settlements-in-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Neolithic Settlements in India<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/tools-and-technology-in-neolithic-period\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tools and Technology in Neolithic Period<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Neolithic<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 47px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">22<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/neolithic-settlements-in-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Neolithic Settlements in India<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/distribution-of-neolithic-cultures-in-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Distribution of Neolithic Cultures in India<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/neolithic-revolution-in-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Neolithic Revolution in India<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Neolithic<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">23<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/distribution-of-neolithic-cultures-in-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Distribution of Neolithic Cultures in India<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/neolithic-settlements-in-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Neolithic Settlements in India<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/tools-and-technology-in-neolithic-period\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tools and Technology in Neolithic Period<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Neolithic<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">24<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/tools-and-technology-in-neolithic-period\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tools and Technology in Neolithic Period<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/neolithic-revolution-in-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Neolithic Revolution in India<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/chalcolithic-culture-in-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chalcolithic Culture in India<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Neolithic<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 47px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">25<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/chalcolithic-culture-in-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chalcolithic Culture in India<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/settlement-pattern-and-economy-in-chalcolithic-phase\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Settlement Pattern &amp; Economy in Chalcolithic Phase<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/trade-and-exchange-networks-in-chalcolithic-societies\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Trade &amp; Exchange Networks in Chalcolithic Societies<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Neolithic<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 47px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">26<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/settlement-pattern-and-economy-in-chalcolithic-phase\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Settlement Pattern &amp; Economy \u2013 Chalcolithic Phase<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/chalcolithic-culture-in-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chalcolithic Culture in India<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/trade-and-exchange-networks-in-chalcolithic-societies\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Trade &amp; Exchange Networks in Chalcolithic Societies<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Neolithic<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 47px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">27<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/trade-and-exchange-networks-in-chalcolithic-societies\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Trade &amp; Exchange Networks \u2013 Chalcolithic Societies<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/chalcolithic-culture-in-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chalcolithic Culture in India<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/indus-valley-civilization-internal-external-trade\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">IVC Internal &amp; External Trade<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Neolithic<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">28<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/indus-valley-civilization-ugc-net\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Indus Valley Civilization \u2013 UGC NET<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/major-sites-of-indus-civilization-list\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Major Sites of Indus Civilization<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/urban-planning-settlement-in-harappan-civilization\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Urban Planning in Harappan Civilization<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">IVC<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 47px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">29<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/indus-valley-civilization-internal-external-trade\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">IVC Internal &amp; External Trade<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/internal-trade-harappan-civilization\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Internal Trade \u2013 Harappan Civilization<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/craft-specialization-industrial-activities-harappan-civilization\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Craft Specialization in Harappan Civilization<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">IVC<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 47px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">30<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/political-organization-harappan-civilization\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Political Organization \u2013 Harappan Civilization<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/social-structure-indus-civilization\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Social Structure \u2013 Indus Civilization<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/urban-planning-settlement-in-harappan-civilization\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Urban Planning in Harappan Civilization<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">IVC<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">31<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/major-sites-of-indus-civilization-list\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Major Sites of Indus Civilization<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/indus-valley-civilization-ugc-net\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Indus Valley Civilization \u2013 UGC NET<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/urban-planning-settlement-in-harappan-civilization\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Urban Planning in Harappan Civilization<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">IVC<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 47px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">32<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/urban-planning-settlement-in-harappan-civilization\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Urban Planning &amp; Settlement \u2013 Harappan Civilization<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/architecture-town-planning-harappan-cities\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Architecture &amp; Town Planning \u2013 Harappan Cities<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/indus-civilization-as-first-urbanization-in-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">IVC as First Urbanization in India<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">IVC<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 47px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">33<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/architecture-town-planning-harappan-cities\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Architecture &amp; Town Planning \u2013 Harappan Cities<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/urban-planning-settlement-in-harappan-civilization\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Urban Planning in Harappan Civilization<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/major-sites-of-indus-civilization-list\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Major Sites of Indus Civilization<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">IVC<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 47px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">34<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/craft-specialization-industrial-activities-harappan-civilization\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Craft Specialization &amp; Industrial Activities \u2013 Harappan<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/agriculture-food-economy-harappans\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Agriculture &amp; Food Economy \u2013 Harappans<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/indus-valley-civilization-internal-external-trade\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">IVC Internal &amp; External Trade<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">IVC<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 47px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">35<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/agriculture-food-economy-harappans\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Agriculture &amp; Food Economy \u2013 Harappans<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/craft-specialization-industrial-activities-harappan-civilization\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Craft Specialization in Harappan Civilization<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/internal-trade-harappan-civilization\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Internal Trade \u2013 Harappan Civilization<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">IVC<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 47px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">36<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/internal-trade-harappan-civilization\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Internal Trade \u2013 Harappan Civilization<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/indus-valley-civilization-internal-external-trade\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">IVC Internal &amp; External Trade<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/craft-specialization-industrial-activities-harappan-civilization\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Craft Specialization in Harappan Civilization<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">IVC<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">37<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/religion-beliefs-indus-in-civilization\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Religion &amp; Beliefs \u2013 Indus Civilization<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/social-structure-indus-civilization\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Social Structure \u2013 Indus Civilization<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/indus-valley-civilization-ugc-net\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Indus Valley Civilization \u2013 UGC NET<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">IVC<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 47px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">38<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/social-structure-indus-civilization\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Social Structure \u2013 Indus Civilization<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/political-organization-harappan-civilization\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Political Organization \u2013 Harappan Civilization<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/religion-beliefs-indus-in-civilization\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Religion &amp; Beliefs \u2013 Indus Civilization<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">IVC<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">39<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/decline-indus-civilization\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Decline of Indus Civilization<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/indus-valley-civilization-ugc-net\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Indus Valley Civilization \u2013 UGC NET<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/indus-civilization-as-first-urbanization-in-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">IVC as First Urbanization in India<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">IVC<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">40<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/indus-civilization-as-first-urbanization-in-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">IVC as First Urbanization in India<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/urban-planning-settlement-in-harappan-civilization\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Urban Planning in Harappan Civilization<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/second-urbanization-in-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Second Urbanization in India<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">IVC<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 47px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">41<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/vedic-and-later-vedic-periods-aryan-varna-system\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vedic &amp; Later Vedic Periods \u2013 Aryan Varna System<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/early-vedic-society-and-economy\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Early Vedic Society and Economy<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/later-vedic-society-and-economy\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Later Vedic Society and Economy<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vedic<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 47px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">42<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/origin-of-vedic-civilization\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Origin of Vedic Civilization<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/aryan-debate-migration-invasion-indigenous-theories\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Aryan Debate \u2013 Migration, Invasion &amp; Indigenous Theories<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/early-vedic-society-and-economy\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Early Vedic Society and Economy<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vedic<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 47px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">43<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/aryan-debate-migration-invasion-indigenous-theories\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Aryan Debate \u2013 Migration, Invasion &amp; Indigenous Theories<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/origin-of-vedic-civilization\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Origin of Vedic Civilization<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/early-vedic-society-and-economy\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Early Vedic Society and Economy<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vedic<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">44<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/early-vedic-society-and-economy\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Early Vedic Society and Economy<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/political-institutions-early-vedic-period\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Political Institutions \u2013 Early Vedic Period<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/social-structure-early-vedic-period\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Social Structure \u2013 Early Vedic Period<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vedic<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">45<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/political-institutions-early-vedic-period\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Political Institutions \u2013 Early Vedic Period<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/early-vedic-society-and-economy\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Early Vedic Society and Economy<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/monarchical-states-in-ancient-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Monarchical States in Ancient India<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vedic<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 47px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">46<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/social-structure-early-vedic-period\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Social Structure \u2013 Early Vedic Period<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/emergence-of-varnas-and-social-stratification\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Emergence of Varnas &amp; Social Stratification<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/early-vedic-society-and-economy\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Early Vedic Society and Economy<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vedic<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 47px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">47<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/later-vedic-society-and-economy\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Later Vedic Society and Economy<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/emergence-of-varnas-and-social-stratification\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Emergence of Varnas &amp; Social Stratification<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/impact-of-iron-technology-in-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Impact of Iron Technology in India<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vedic<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 47px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">48<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/emergence-of-varnas-and-social-stratification\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Emergence of Varnas &amp; Social Stratification<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/social-structure-early-vedic-period\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Social Structure \u2013 Early Vedic Period<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/later-vedic-society-and-economy\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Later Vedic Society and Economy<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vedic<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 47px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">49<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/emergence-of-heterodox-sects-in-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Emergence of Heterodox Sects in India<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/jainism-buddhism-ajivikas-origins-teachings\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Jainism, Buddhism &amp; Ajivikas \u2013 Origins &amp; Teachings<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/later-vedic-society-and-economy\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Later Vedic Society and Economy<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vedic<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 47px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">50<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/impact-of-iron-technology-in-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Impact of Iron Technology in India<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/later-vedic-society-and-economy\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Later Vedic Society and Economy<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/agricultural-expansion-economic-changes-ancient-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Agricultural Expansion &amp; Economic Changes \u2013 Ancient India<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vedic<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 47px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">51<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/history\/religious-philosophical-vedic-ideas-ugc-net\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Religious &amp; Philosophical Vedic Ideas<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/emergence-of-varnas-and-social-stratification\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Emergence of Varnas &amp; Social Stratification<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/emergence-of-heterodox-sects-in-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Emergence of Heterodox Sects in India<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vedic<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 47px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">52<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/megalithic-culture-of-south-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Megalithic Culture of South India<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/neolithic-and-chalcolithic-phases\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Neolithic and Chalcolithic Phases<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/agricultural-expansion-economic-changes-ancient-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Agricultural Expansion &amp; Economic Changes<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">General<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 47px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">53<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/state-system-ancient-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">State System in Ancient India<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/rise-of-mahajanapadas\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Rise of Mahajanapadas<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/transition-tribal-polities-to-territorial-states\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Transition: Tribal Polities to Territorial States<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">General<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 47px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">54<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/transition-tribal-polities-to-territorial-states\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Transition: Tribal Polities to Territorial States<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/rise-of-mahajanapadas\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Rise of Mahajanapadas<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/later-vedic-society-and-economy\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Later Vedic Society and Economy<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">General<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 47px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">55<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/rise-of-mahajanapadas\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Rise of Mahajanapadas<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/monarchical-states-in-ancient-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Monarchical States in Ancient India<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/republican-states-gana-sanghas-ancient-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Republican States (Gana-Sanghas) \u2013 Ancient India<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Magadha<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">56<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/monarchical-states-in-ancient-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Monarchical States in Ancient India<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/rise-of-mahajanapadas\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Rise of Mahajanapadas<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/emergence-of-magadha\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Emergence of Magadha<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Magadha<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 47px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">57<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/republican-states-gana-sanghas-ancient-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Republican States (Gana-Sanghas) \u2013 Ancient India<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/rise-of-mahajanapadas\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Rise of Mahajanapadas<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/monarchical-states-in-ancient-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Monarchical States in Ancient India<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Magadha<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 47px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">58<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/agricultural-expansion-economic-changes-ancient-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Agricultural Expansion &amp; Economic Changes \u2013 Ancient India<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/second-urbanization-in-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Second Urbanization in India<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/impact-of-iron-technology-in-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Impact of Iron Technology in India<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">General<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">59<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/second-urbanization-in-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Second Urbanization in India<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/indus-civilization-as-first-urbanization-in-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">IVC as First Urbanization in India<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/rise-of-mahajanapadas\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Rise of Mahajanapadas<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">General<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 47px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">60<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/jainism-buddhism-ajivikas-origins-teachings\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Jainism, Buddhism &amp; Ajivikas \u2013 Origins &amp; Teachings<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/emergence-of-heterodox-sects-in-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Emergence of Heterodox Sects in India<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/ashoka-policy-of-dhamma\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ashoka&#8217;s Policy of Dhamma<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">General<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">61<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/emergence-of-magadha\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Emergence of Magadha<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/geographical-advantages-of-magadha\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Geographical Advantages of Magadha<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/early-rulers-of-magadha\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Early Rulers of Magadha<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Magadha<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 47px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">62<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/geographical-advantages-of-magadha\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Geographical Advantages of Magadha<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/natural-resources-and-economic-strength-of-magadha\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Natural Resources &amp; Economic Strength of Magadha<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/history\/reasons-for-success-of-magadha\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Reasons for Success of Magadha<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Magadha<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 47px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">63<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/natural-resources-and-economic-strength-of-magadha\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Natural Resources &amp; Economic Strength of Magadha<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/geographical-advantages-of-magadha\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Geographical Advantages of Magadha<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/economic-policies-of-nandas\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Economic Policies of the Nandas<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Magadha<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">64<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/early-rulers-of-magadha\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Early Rulers of Magadha<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/haryanka-dynasty-rise-of-magadha\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Haryanka Dynasty \u2013 Rise of Magadha<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/emergence-of-magadha\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Emergence of Magadha<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Magadha<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">65<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/haryanka-dynasty-rise-of-magadha\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Haryanka Dynasty \u2013 Rise of Magadha<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/expansion-policy-of-bimbisara\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Expansion Policy of Bimbisara<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/early-rulers-of-magadha\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Early Rulers of Magadha<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Magadha<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">66<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/expansion-policy-of-bimbisara\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Expansion Policy of Bimbisara<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/history\/ajatashatru-military-reforms\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ajatashatru \u2013 Military Reforms<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/haryanka-dynasty-rise-of-magadha\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Haryanka Dynasty \u2013 Rise of Magadha<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Magadha<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">67<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/history\/ajatashatru-military-reforms\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ajatashatru \u2013 Military Reforms<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/wars-of-ajatashatru\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Wars of Ajatashatru<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/expansion-policy-of-bimbisara\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Expansion Policy of Bimbisara<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Magadha<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">68<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/wars-of-ajatashatru\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Wars of Ajatashatru<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/history\/ajatashatru-military-reforms\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ajatashatru \u2013 Military Reforms<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/udayin-establishment-of-pataliputra\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Udayin &amp; Establishment of Pataliputra<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Magadha<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">69<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/udayin-establishment-of-pataliputra\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Udayin &amp; Establishment of Pataliputra<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/wars-of-ajatashatru\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Wars of Ajatashatru<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/history\/shishunaga-dynasty\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Shishunaga Dynasty<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Magadha<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 47px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">70<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/history\/shishunaga-dynasty\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Shishunaga Dynasty<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/administrative-structure-of-shishunagas\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Administrative Structure of the Shishunagas<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/nanda-dynasty\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nanda Dynasty<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Magadha<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 47px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">71<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/administrative-structure-of-shishunagas\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Administrative Structure of the Shishunagas<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/history\/shishunaga-dynasty\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Shishunaga Dynasty<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/central-administration-under-mauryas\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Central Administration Under Mauryas<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Magadha<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 47px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">72<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/nanda-dynasty\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nanda Dynasty<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/mahapadma-nanda-imperial-expansion\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mahapadma Nanda \u2013 Imperial Expansion<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/history\/shishunaga-dynasty\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Shishunaga Dynasty<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Magadha<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">73<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/mahapadma-nanda-imperial-expansion\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mahapadma Nanda \u2013 Imperial Expansion<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/military-strength-of-nandas\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Military Strength of the Nandas<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/nanda-dynasty\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nanda Dynasty<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Magadha<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">74<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/economic-policies-of-nandas\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Economic Policies of the Nandas<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/nanda-dynasty\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nanda Dynasty<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/taxation-system-mauryan-state\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Taxation System \u2013 Mauryan State<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Magadha<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 47px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">75<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/military-strength-of-nandas\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Military Strength of the Nandas<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/mahapadma-nanda-imperial-expansion\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mahapadma Nanda \u2013 Imperial Expansion<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/defeat-of-nandas-rise-of-mauryan-empire\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Defeat of Nandas &amp; Rise of Mauryan Empire<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Magadha<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 47px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">76<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/history\/reasons-for-success-of-magadha\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Reasons for Success of Magadha<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/geographical-advantages-of-magadha\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Geographical Advantages of Magadha<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/natural-resources-and-economic-strength-of-magadha\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Natural Resources &amp; Economic Strength of Magadha<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Magadha<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 47px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">77<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/mahajanapadas-to-empire-evolution-rise-of-magadha-growth\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mahajanapadas to Empire \u2013 Evolution &amp; Rise of Magadha<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/rise-of-mahajanapadas\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Rise of Mahajanapadas<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/emergence-of-magadha\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Emergence of Magadha<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Magadha<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">78<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/mauryan-empire-expansion\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mauryan Empire \u2013 Expansion<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/rise-of-chandragupta-maurya\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Rise of Chandragupta Maurya<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/expansion-of-mauryan-empire\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Expansion of Mauryan Empire<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Maurya<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 47px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">79<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/rise-of-chandragupta-maurya\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Rise of Chandragupta Maurya<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/history\/role-of-chanakya-in-rise-of-mauryan-empire\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Role of Chanakya in Rise of Mauryan Empire<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/defeat-of-nandas-rise-of-mauryan-empire\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Defeat of Nandas &amp; Rise of Mauryan Empire<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Maurya<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 47px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">80<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/history\/role-of-chanakya-in-rise-of-mauryan-empire\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Role of Chanakya in Rise of Mauryan Empire<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/rise-of-chandragupta-maurya\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Rise of Chandragupta Maurya<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/defeat-of-nandas-rise-of-mauryan-empire\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Defeat of Nandas &amp; Rise of Mauryan Empire<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Maurya<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 47px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">81<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/defeat-of-nandas-rise-of-mauryan-empire\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Defeat of Nandas &amp; Rise of Mauryan Empire<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/military-strength-of-nandas\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Military Strength of the Nandas<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/rise-of-chandragupta-maurya\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Rise of Chandragupta Maurya<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Maurya<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 47px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">82<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/chandragupta-maurya-seleucus-treaty-diplomacy-expansion\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chandragupta Maurya \u2013 Seleucus Treaty &amp; Diplomacy<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/expansion-of-mauryan-empire\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Expansion of Mauryan Empire<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/greek-accounts-on-ancient-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Greek Accounts on Ancient India<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Maurya<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 47px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">83<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/expansion-of-mauryan-empire\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Expansion of Mauryan Empire<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/chandragupta-maurya-seleucus-treaty-diplomacy-expansion\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chandragupta Maurya \u2013 Seleucus Treaty &amp; Diplomacy<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/history\/kalinga-war\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kalinga War<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Maurya<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">84<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/administration-of-chandragupta-maurya\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Administration of Chandragupta Maurya<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/central-administration-under-mauryas\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Central Administration Under Mauryas<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/mauryan-bureaucracy\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mauryan Bureaucracy<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Maurya<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">85<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/sources-for-mauryan-history\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sources for Mauryan History<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/archaeological-sources-for-ugc-net\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Archaeological Sources for UGC NET<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/greek-accounts-on-ancient-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Greek Accounts on Ancient India<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Maurya<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 47px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">86<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/central-administration-under-mauryas\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Central Administration Under Mauryas<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/provincial-administration-mauryan-empire\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Provincial Administration \u2013 Mauryan Empire<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/mauryan-bureaucracy\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mauryan Bureaucracy<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Maurya<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 47px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">87<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/provincial-administration-mauryan-empire\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Provincial Administration \u2013 Mauryan Empire<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/local-administration-mauryan-empire\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Local Administration \u2013 Mauryan Empire<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/central-administration-under-mauryas\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Central Administration Under Mauryas<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Maurya<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 47px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">88<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/local-administration-mauryan-empire\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Local Administration \u2013 Mauryan Empire<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/provincial-administration-mauryan-empire\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Provincial Administration \u2013 Mauryan Empire<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/mauryan-bureaucracy\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mauryan Bureaucracy<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Maurya<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">89<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/mauryan-bureaucracy\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mauryan Bureaucracy<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/central-administration-under-mauryas\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Central Administration Under Mauryas<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/espionage-system-mauryan-empire\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Espionage System \u2013 Mauryan Empire<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Maurya<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">90<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/espionage-system-mauryan-empire\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Espionage System \u2013 Mauryan Empire<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/mauryan-bureaucracy\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mauryan Bureaucracy<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/central-administration-under-mauryas\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Central Administration Under Mauryas<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Maurya<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">91<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/ancient-india-trade-and-commerce\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ancient India \u2013 Trade and Commerce<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/trade-and-commerce-under-mauryas\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Trade and Commerce Under Mauryas<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/agrarian-economy-mauryan-period-land-system-irrigation-taxation\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Agrarian Economy \u2013 Mauryan Period<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Maurya<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">92<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/agrarian-economy-mauryan-period-land-system-irrigation-taxation\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Agrarian Economy \u2013 Mauryan Period<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/taxation-system-mauryan-state\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Taxation System \u2013 Mauryan State<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/trade-and-commerce-under-mauryas\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Trade and Commerce Under Mauryas<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Maurya<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">93<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/trade-and-commerce-under-mauryas\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Trade and Commerce Under Mauryas<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/ancient-india-trade-and-commerce\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ancient India \u2013 Trade and Commerce<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/agrarian-economy-mauryan-period-land-system-irrigation-taxation\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Agrarian Economy \u2013 Mauryan Period<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Maurya<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">94<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/taxation-system-mauryan-state\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Taxation System \u2013 Mauryan State<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/agrarian-economy-mauryan-period-land-system-irrigation-taxation\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Agrarian Economy \u2013 Mauryan Period<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/economic-policies-of-nandas\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Economic Policies of the Nandas<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Maurya<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">95<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/history\/kalinga-war\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kalinga War<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/ashoka-policy-of-dhamma\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ashoka&#8217;s Policy of Dhamma<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/expansion-of-mauryan-empire\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Expansion of Mauryan Empire<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Maurya<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">96<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/ashoka-policy-of-dhamma\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ashoka&#8217;s Policy of Dhamma<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/nature-philosophy-dhamma\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nature &amp; Philosophy of Dhamma<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/history\/kalinga-war\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kalinga War<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Maurya<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">97<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/nature-philosophy-dhamma\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nature &amp; Philosophy of Dhamma<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/ashoka-policy-of-dhamma\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ashoka&#8217;s Policy of Dhamma<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/jainism-buddhism-ajivikas-origins-teachings\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Jainism, Buddhism &amp; Ajivikas<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Maurya<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2><b>Sangam literature FAQs<\/b><\/h2>\n<style>#sp-ea-24337 .spcollapsing { height: 0; overflow: hidden; transition-property: height;transition-duration: 300ms;}#sp-ea-24337{ position: relative; }#sp-ea-24337 .ea-card{ opacity: 0;}#eap-preloader-24337{ position: absolute; left: 0; top: 0; height: 100%;width: 100%; text-align: center;display: flex; align-items: center;justify-content: center;}#sp-ea-24337.sp-easy-accordion>.sp-ea-single {margin-bottom: 10px; border: 1px solid #e2e2e2; }#sp-ea-24337.sp-easy-accordion>.sp-ea-single>.ea-header a {color: #444;}#sp-ea-24337.sp-easy-accordion>.sp-ea-single>.sp-collapse>.ea-body {background: #fff; color: #444;}#sp-ea-24337.sp-easy-accordion>.sp-ea-single {background: #eee;}#sp-ea-24337.sp-easy-accordion>.sp-ea-single>.ea-header a .ea-expand-icon { float: left; color: #444;font-size: 16px;}<\/style><div id=\"sp_easy_accordion-1776943863\">\n<div id=\"sp-ea-24337\" class=\"sp-ea-one sp-easy-accordion\" data-ea-active=\"ea-click\" data-ea-mode=\"vertical\" data-preloader=\"1\" data-scroll-active-item=\"1\" data-offset-to-scroll=\"0\">\n\n\t<div id=\"eap-preloader-24337\" class=\"accordion-preloader\">\n\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/wp-content\/plugins\/easy-accordion-free\/public\/assets\/ea_loader.svg\" alt=\"Loader image\"\/>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<!-- Start accordion card div. -->\n<div class=\"ea-card ea-expand sp-ea-single\">\n\t<!-- Start accordion header. -->\n\t<h3 class=\"ea-header\">\n\t\t<!-- Add anchor tag for header. -->\n\t\t<a class=\"collapsed\" id=\"ea-header-243370\" role=\"button\" data-sptoggle=\"spcollapse\" data-sptarget=\"#collapse243370\" aria-controls=\"collapse243370\" href=\"#\"  aria-expanded=\"true\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"presentation\" class=\"ea-expand-icon eap-icon-ea-expand-minus\"><\/i> 1. What is Sangam literature?\t\t<\/a> <!-- Close anchor tag for header. -->\n\t<\/h3>\t<!-- Close header tag. -->\n\t<!-- Start collapsible content div. -->\n\t<div class=\"sp-collapse spcollapse collapsed show\" id=\"collapse243370\" data-parent=\"#sp-ea-24337\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"ea-header-243370\">  <!-- Content div. -->\n\t\t<div class=\"ea-body\">\n\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0It is a collection of ancient Tamil texts composed between 300 BCE and 300 CE, providing historical and literary knowledge of South India.<\/span><\/p>\n\t\t<\/div> <!-- Close content div. -->\n\t<\/div> <!-- Close collapse div. -->\n<\/div> <!-- Close card div. -->\n<!-- Start accordion card div. -->\n<div class=\"ea-card  sp-ea-single\">\n\t<!-- Start accordion header. -->\n\t<h3 class=\"ea-header\">\n\t\t<!-- Add anchor tag for header. -->\n\t\t<a class=\"collapsed\" id=\"ea-header-243371\" role=\"button\" data-sptoggle=\"spcollapse\" data-sptarget=\"#collapse243371\" aria-controls=\"collapse243371\" href=\"#\"  aria-expanded=\"false\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"presentation\" class=\"ea-expand-icon eap-icon-ea-expand-plus\"><\/i> 2. When was Sangam literature composed?\t\t<\/a> <!-- Close anchor tag for header. -->\n\t<\/h3>\t<!-- Close header tag. -->\n\t<!-- Start collapsible content div. -->\n\t<div class=\"sp-collapse spcollapse \" id=\"collapse243371\" data-parent=\"#sp-ea-24337\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"ea-header-243371\">  <!-- Content div. -->\n\t\t<div class=\"ea-body\">\n\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0The texts were composed roughly between 300 BCE and 300 CE during the Sangam Age.<\/span><\/p>\n\t\t<\/div> <!-- Close content div. -->\n\t<\/div> <!-- Close collapse div. -->\n<\/div> <!-- Close card div. -->\n<!-- Start accordion card div. -->\n<div class=\"ea-card  sp-ea-single\">\n\t<!-- Start accordion header. -->\n\t<h3 class=\"ea-header\">\n\t\t<!-- Add anchor tag for header. -->\n\t\t<a class=\"collapsed\" id=\"ea-header-243372\" role=\"button\" data-sptoggle=\"spcollapse\" data-sptarget=\"#collapse243372\" aria-controls=\"collapse243372\" href=\"#\"  aria-expanded=\"false\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"presentation\" class=\"ea-expand-icon eap-icon-ea-expand-plus\"><\/i> 3. What are the main sources of Sangam literature?\t\t<\/a> <!-- Close anchor tag for header. -->\n\t<\/h3>\t<!-- Close header tag. -->\n\t<!-- Start collapsible content div. -->\n\t<div class=\"sp-collapse spcollapse \" id=\"collapse243372\" data-parent=\"#sp-ea-24337\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"ea-header-243372\">  <!-- Content div. -->\n\t\t<div class=\"ea-body\">\n\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0Literary sources (Ettuthokai, Pattupattu, Tolkappiyam), epics (Silappadikaram, Manimekalai), archaeological finds (coins, pottery, megalithic burials), and foreign accounts (Pliny, Ptolemy).<\/span><\/p>\n\t\t<\/div> <!-- Close content div. -->\n\t<\/div> <!-- Close collapse div. -->\n<\/div> <!-- Close card div. -->\n<!-- Start accordion card div. -->\n<div class=\"ea-card  sp-ea-single\">\n\t<!-- Start accordion header. -->\n\t<h3 class=\"ea-header\">\n\t\t<!-- Add anchor tag for header. -->\n\t\t<a class=\"collapsed\" id=\"ea-header-243373\" role=\"button\" data-sptoggle=\"spcollapse\" data-sptarget=\"#collapse243373\" aria-controls=\"collapse243373\" href=\"#\"  aria-expanded=\"false\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"presentation\" class=\"ea-expand-icon eap-icon-ea-expand-plus\"><\/i> 4. What is the nature of Sangam literature?\t\t<\/a> <!-- Close anchor tag for header. -->\n\t<\/h3>\t<!-- Close header tag. -->\n\t<!-- Start collapsible content div. -->\n\t<div class=\"sp-collapse spcollapse \" id=\"collapse243373\" data-parent=\"#sp-ea-24337\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"ea-header-243373\">  <!-- Content div. -->\n\t\t<div class=\"ea-body\">\n\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0It is realistic, human-centered, secular, and depicts everyday life, political events, emotions, and social customs.<\/span><\/p>\n\t\t<\/div> <!-- Close content div. -->\n\t<\/div> <!-- Close collapse div. -->\n<\/div> <!-- Close card div. -->\n<!-- Start accordion card div. -->\n<div class=\"ea-card  sp-ea-single\">\n\t<!-- Start accordion header. -->\n\t<h3 class=\"ea-header\">\n\t\t<!-- Add anchor tag for header. -->\n\t\t<a class=\"collapsed\" id=\"ea-header-243374\" role=\"button\" data-sptoggle=\"spcollapse\" data-sptarget=\"#collapse243374\" aria-controls=\"collapse243374\" href=\"#\"  aria-expanded=\"false\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"presentation\" class=\"ea-expand-icon eap-icon-ea-expand-plus\"><\/i> 5. How is Sangam literature classified?\t\t<\/a> <!-- Close anchor tag for header. -->\n\t<\/h3>\t<!-- Close header tag. -->\n\t<!-- Start collapsible content div. -->\n\t<div class=\"sp-collapse spcollapse \" id=\"collapse243374\" data-parent=\"#sp-ea-24337\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"ea-header-243374\">  <!-- Content div. -->\n\t\t<div class=\"ea-body\">\n\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0It is divided into <\/span><b>Akam<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> (inner life, love, emotions) and <\/span><b>Puram<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> (public life, war, kingship, heroism).<\/span><\/p>\n\t\t<\/div> <!-- Close content div. -->\n\t<\/div> <!-- Close collapse div. -->\n<\/div> <!-- Close card div. -->\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{ \"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\", \"@type\": \"FAQPage\", \"mainEntity\": [{ \"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"1. What is Sangam literature?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": { \"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"\u00a0It is a collection of ancient Tamil texts composed between 300 BCE and 300 CE, providing historical and literary knowledge of South India.\" } },{ \"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"2. When was Sangam literature composed?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": { \"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"\u00a0The texts were composed roughly between 300 BCE and 300 CE during the Sangam Age.\" } },{ \"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"3. What are the main sources of Sangam literature?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": { \"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"\u00a0Literary sources (Ettuthokai, Pattupattu, Tolkappiyam), epics (Silappadikaram, Manimekalai), archaeological finds (coins, pottery, megalithic burials), and foreign accounts (Pliny, Ptolemy).\" } },{ \"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"4. 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What is Sangam literature Sangam literature [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":14,"featured_media":24342,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[26,146],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-24330","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ugc-net-notes","category-history","entry","has-media"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24330","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/14"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=24330"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24330\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":24372,"href":"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24330\/revisions\/24372"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/24342"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=24330"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=24330"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=24330"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}