{"id":24854,"date":"2026-04-28T20:07:40","date_gmt":"2026-04-28T14:37:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/?p=24854"},"modified":"2026-05-06T15:05:24","modified_gmt":"2026-05-06T09:35:24","slug":"political-developments-in-deccan-after-gupta-decline","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/political-developments-in-deccan-after-gupta-decline\/","title":{"rendered":"Political Developments in the Deccan after Gupta Decline"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The story of the Deccan after the Gupta decline is one of the most dynamic and consequential chapters in Indian political history. When the great Gupta Empire began to weaken in the 5th century CE\u00a0 battered by Huna invasions from the northwest and internal fragmentation\u00a0 it left behind an enormous political vacuum across the subcontinent. In the north, this vacuum was contested by regional powers like the Gurjara-Pratiharas and the Palas. But in the Deccan and South India, the situation unfolded very differently. Here, a series of ambitious, capable, and culturally vibrant dynasties rose to claim supremacy, often fighting each other fiercely while simultaneously producing some of the greatest art, literature, and architectural wonders that India has ever seen.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/courses\/ugc-net?utm_source=website_seo1&amp;utm_medium=blog1&amp;utm_campaign=study_planner1&amp;utm_id=seo_3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-14802\" src=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ai-owered-300x75.webp\" alt=\"Study Planner\" width=\"748\" height=\"187\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ai-owered-300x75.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ai-owered-1024x256.webp 1024w, https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ai-owered-768x192.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ai-owered-1536x384.webp 1536w, https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ai-owered-2048x512.webp 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 748px) 100vw, 748px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h2><b>Why Gupta Decline?<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Before going into the specific political developments, it is important to understand why the Gupta decline triggered such significant changes in the Deccan.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>The Gupta Empire at its peak<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> extended its cultural and political influence into parts of the Deccan. The Vakatakas, for example, were closely linked to the Guptas through matrimonial alliance\u00a0 the Vakataka king Rudrasena II married Prabhavatigupta, daughter ofChandragupta II. This alliance effectively brought Vakataka territory into the Gupta sphere of influence.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>When the Guptas weakened:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Vakataka alliance dissolved, and the Deccan powers asserted full independence<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">New clans and chiefs who had been feudatories began asserting sovereignty<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The absence of northern imperial pressure allowed Deccan kingdoms to expand freely<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Competition intensified among Deccan powers for agricultural lands, trade routes, and port cities<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The period from approximately <\/span><b>5th to 13th century CE<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> thus became an era of intense political activity, shifting alliances, spectacular military campaigns, and remarkable cultural flowering across the Deccan plateau.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/courses\/ugc-net\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>Join UGC NET Online Coaching<\/b><\/a><\/p>\n<h2><b>Major Political Phases in Deccan after Gupta Decline<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">After the decline of the Gupta Empire, the Deccan region witnessed a major political transformation marked by the rise of powerful regional kingdoms, gradual decentralization, and continuous struggle for supremacy.<\/span><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Phase<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>Period<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>Dominant Power<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>Key Characteristic<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vakataka Supremacy<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">3rd\u20135th century CE<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vakatakas<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gupta alliance, Buddhist patronage<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chalukya Ascendancy<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">6th\u20138th century CE<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chalukyas of Badami<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Defeat of Harsha, southern wars<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Rashtrakuta Dominance<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">8th\u201310th century CE<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Rashtrakutas<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tripartite struggle, pan-Indian reach<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Later Chalukya Revival<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">10th\u201312th century CE<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chalukyas of Kalyani<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Conflict with Cholas, legal reforms<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Regional Fragmentation<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">12th\u201313th century CE<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Yadavas, Kakatiyas, Hoysalas<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Independent regional states<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2><b>Vakataka Ascendancy and the Gupta Connection (3rd\u20135th Century CE)<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Vakatakas were already established as a significant Deccan power before the Gupta decline. However, the political developments around this dynasty perfectly illustrate the transition from the Gupta era to the post-Gupta Deccan world.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Vindhyashakti<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> founded the Vakataka dynasty in the Vidarbha region (modern eastern Maharashtra) around the mid-3rd century CE.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">His son <\/span><b>Pravarasena I<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> took the dynasty to its first peak, performing four Ashwamedha (horse) sacrifices and assuming the title of <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Samrat<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> emperor\u00a0 signaling Vakataka ambitions to be a paramount power in the Deccan.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b>Gupta-Vakataka Matrimonial Alliance<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The most politically significant development of the Vakataka period was the marriage of <\/span><b>Rudrasena II<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (Vakataka king) with <\/span><b>Prabhavatigupta<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, daughter of the great Gupta emperor Chandragupta II (Vikramaditya).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This alliance had deep political consequences:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It created a powerful buffer zone in the Deccan that protected Gupta interests in the south<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">When Rudrasena II died early, <\/span><b>Prabhavatigupta ruled as regent<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> for her minor sons\u00a0 and her copper plate grants show that she exercised real royal power in the Vakataka name while effectively representing Gupta interests<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This meant that for a period, Vakataka territory functioned as a virtual extension of Gupta political control<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The alliance freed the Guptas to deal with the Shakas in the west, as their southern flank was secured<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">\n<h3><b>Post-Alliance Political Independence<\/b><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As the Gupta Empire weakened in the 5th century, the Vakatakas reasserted fully independent political sovereignty. <\/span><b>Pravarasena II<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> ruled effectively and even engaged in literary activity\u00a0 writing the Prakrit poem <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Setubandha (Ravanavaho)<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. This independence from Gupta oversight marks the beginning of truly autonomous Deccan politics in the post-Gupta era.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">\n<h3><b>Vakataka Branches and Internal Politics<\/b><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Vakataka kingdom eventually split into two political branches, which created internal rivalry:<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Nandivardhana Branch (Main Branch):<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Based in Vidarbha. This was the principal line with close Gupta connections. After Prabhavatigupta&#8217;s regency, her sons continued ruling.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Vatsagulma Branch:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Based in Washim (Maharashtra). This branch had its own independent line and was often in political competition with the main branch. <\/span><b>Harishena<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of this branch was the king under whose patronage the magnificent later Ajanta cave paintings were executed.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b>Significance of the Vakataka Period<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Vakataka period established important political precedents for the post-Gupta Deccan:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It demonstrated that the Deccan could sustain powerful independent kingdoms<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It showed the importance of matrimonial diplomacy in inter-state relations<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It created cultural and administrative traditions that later Deccan dynasties built upon<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Vakataka period ended in the 5th century, possibly due to internal conflicts and Huna pressure, creating space for the Chalukyas to rise<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>The Rise and Dominance of the Chalukyas of Badami (6th\u20138th Century CE)<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The political developments in the Deccan after Gupta decline reached a dramatic new phase with the emergence of the <\/span><b>Chalukyas of Badami<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (also called Early Western Chalukyas or Chalukyas of Vatapi) in the 6th century CE.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Chalukyas rose from being local chiefs in the Karnataka region to become the dominant political power of the entire Deccan within a few generations.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Pulakesi I<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is credited with establishing the kingdom with Vatapi (modern Badami in Karnataka) as the capital around 543 CE.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">He performed the Ashwamedha sacrifice, which was a public declaration of royal sovereignty and political ambition.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b>Political Consolidation under Early Chalukya Kings<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><b>Kirtivarman I (566\u2013597 CE)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> was the first great conqueror among the Chalukyas. He:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Defeated the <\/span><b>Nalas<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of Bastar<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Subdued the <\/span><b>Mauryas of Konkan<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (a local dynasty, not the imperial Mauryas)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Defeated the <\/span><b>Kadambas<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0 an important earlier Deccan dynasty<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Extended Chalukya territory significantly toward the coasts<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Mangalesha (597\u2013609 CE)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0 brother of Kirtivarman I\u00a0 continued expansion. However, his reign ended in dynastic conflict when <\/span><b>Pulakesi II<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, son of Kirtivarman I, overthrew and killed him to claim the throne. This fratricidal conflict was an early sign of the succession struggles that would recur throughout Deccan political history.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/courses\/ugc-net\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>Join UGC NET Online Test Series<\/b><\/a><\/p>\n<h3><b>Pulakesi II \u2014 The Greatest Chalukya Ruler and Deccan Politics<\/b><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Pulakesi II (609\u2013642 CE)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is one of the most celebrated rulers in all of Indian history, and his reign represents the peak of political developments in the Deccan after the Gupta decline.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b>Northern Campaign and the Defeat of Harsha:<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The most famous event of Pulakesi II&#8217;s reign was his successful resistance against <\/span><b>Harshavardhana of Kannauj<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0 the most powerful north Indian ruler of the early 7th century CE.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Harsha had been expanding southward and attempted to cross the Narmada river to conquer the Deccan around 618\u2013619 CE. Pulakesi II met him at the <\/span><b>Battle of Narmada<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and decisively defeated him.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This battle was politically momentous because:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It stopped the northward-southward unification of India under a single ruler<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It confirmed the Narmada as a boundary between northern and Deccan political spheres<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It established Pulakesi II as the most powerful king in India at that time<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Even the Chinese pilgrim <\/span><b>Xuanzang (Hiuen Tsang)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, who was at Harsha&#8217;s court, recorded this defeat<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The famous <\/span><b>Aihole inscription<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> composed by court poet <\/span><b>Ravikirti<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> celebrates this victory<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Diplomatic Relations:<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pulakesi II maintained active foreign relations:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">He sent an embassy to the <\/span><b>Persian king Khusrau II (Chosroes II)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and received one in return\u00a0 evidenced by the famous fresco in Cave 1 at Ajanta showing a Persian embassy<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This diplomatic exchange confirmed Chalukya status as an internationally recognized power<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Relations with the Arab world were also developing during this period<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Southern Wars\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pulakesi II also fought extensively in south India:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">He defeated the <\/span><b>Vishnukundins<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of the Krishna-Godavari region<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">He defeated the <\/span><b>Pallava king Mahendravarman I<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in battle, capturing parts of northern Tamil Nadu<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">He appointed his brother <\/span><b>Kubja Vishnuvardhana<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> as governor of the Vengi (eastern Andhra) region this appointment would have significant political consequences as it led to the establishment of the separate <\/span><b>Eastern Chalukya dynasty of Vengi<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Death and Defeat:<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In a dramatic reversal, Pulakesi II was defeated and killed by the <\/span><b>Pallava king Narasimhavarman I (Mamalla)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> around 642 CE. The Pallavas even temporarily captured and sacked Vatapi (Badami)\u00a0 , a humiliating blow to Chalukya prestige.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Chalukya Recovery and Later Political Developments<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><b>Vikramaditya I (655\u2013681 CE)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> recovered the Chalukya kingdom after his father Pulakesi II&#8217;s defeat. He:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Drove the Pallavas out of Chalukya territory<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Restored Chalukya prestige<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Began a new cycle of Chalukya-Pallava wars that would dominate Deccan politics for generations<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Vikramaditya II (733\u2013745 CE):<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Launched three successful campaigns against the Pallavas<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Captured <\/span><b>Kanchipuram<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> three times\u00a0 the Pallava capital<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Significantly, he did not loot or damage the city, which earned him praise even in Pallava records<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>The Eastern Chalukyas of Vengi:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The appointment of Kubja Vishnuvardhana as governor of Vengi by Pulakesi II led to the emergence of a separate dynastic line\u00a0 the <\/span><b>Eastern Chalukyas of Vengi<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (modern Andhra Pradesh). This dynasty ruled independently and played an important role in Deccan politics, sometimes allying with the Rashtrakutas and sometimes with the Cholas of the south.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>The Chalukya-Pallava Rivalry\u00a0<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The political conflict between the Chalukyas of Badami and the <\/span><b>Pallavas of Kanchipuram<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> was the defining geopolitical rivalry of 6th\u20138th century Deccan and south Indian politics.<\/span><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Event<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>Winner<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>Significance<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Battle under Pulakesi II vs Mahendravarman I<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chalukyas<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chalukyas capture Pallava territory<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Battle of Vatapi (c. 642 CE)<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pallavas (Narasimhavarman I)<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pallavas sack Vatapi; Pulakesi II killed<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vikramaditya I&#8217;s campaigns<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chalukyas<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chalukya prestige restored<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vikramaditya II&#8217;s campaigns<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chalukyas<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kanchipuram captured three times<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This rivalry was not purely military. It was also a competition for:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Control of trade routes<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0 especially the lucrative east-west routes crossing the Deccan and the coastal routes to Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Cultural supremacy<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> both dynasties produced magnificent temple architecture<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Political prestige<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> control of key cities and port towns<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b>End of Chalukya Power<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Chalukyas of Badami were overthrown not by an external enemy but by their own feudatory. <\/span><b>Dantidurga<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, the Rashtrakuta chief, defeated the last Chalukya ruler <\/span><b>Kirtivarman II<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> around 753\u2013757 CE, ending Chalukya dominance in the Deccan.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>Rashtrakuta Dominance and Tripartite Struggle (8th\u201310th Century CE)<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><b>Rashtrakutas<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> represent perhaps the most dramatic political development in the Deccan after Gupta decline. From being feudatories of the Chalukyas, they rose to become the most powerful dynasty in medieval India\u00a0 with their empire touching all four corners of the subcontinent at its peak.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Dantidurga (c. 735\u2013756 CE)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> overthrew the Chalukyas and established Rashtrakuta supremacy. He:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Performed the <\/span><b>Hiranyagarbha<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> ceremony, a ritual asserting royal status for those of non-Kshatriya lineage<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Defeated the Gurjara-Pratiharas\u00a0 showing his ambitions beyond the Deccan<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Performed a ritual sacrifice at Ujjain, which was symbolically claiming overlordship over central India<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Krishna I (756\u2013773 CE)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> consolidated Rashtrakuta power and built the legendary <\/span><b>Kailasa Temple at Ellora<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0 demonstrating that the Rashtrakutas were not just political but also cultural giants.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>The Tripartite Struggle\u00a0 Rashtrakutas, Pratiharas, and Palas<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The most significant political development involving the Rashtrakutas was their participation in the <\/span><b>Tripartite Struggle<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0 the three-way contest for the ancient imperial city of <\/span><b>Kanauj<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> between:<\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Rashtrakutas<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of the Deccan<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Gurjara-Pratiharas<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of Rajasthan and western India<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Palas<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of Bengal and Bihar<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><b>Why was Kanauj so important?<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kanauj (modern Uttar Pradesh) had been the imperial capital of Harsha and before him of other great rulers. In early medieval Indian political culture, controlling Kanauj was equivalent to claiming supremacy over north India. It was not just a city\u00a0 it was a symbol of paramount sovereignty.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Rashtrakuta Role in the Tripartite Struggle:<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>Dhruva (780\u2013793 CE)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> was the first Rashtrakuta king to intervene decisively in the north:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">He crossed the Vindhyas and defeated both the Gurjara-Pratiharas and the Palas<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">He took away the <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Parijata<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> flag from the Pratihara king and the royal umbrella from the Pala king\u00a0 both symbols of supreme sovereignty<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This established that the Rashtrakutas were a pan-Indian power, not merely a Deccan kingdom<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Govinda III (793\u2013814 CE)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> was the most militarily successful Rashtrakuta king:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Defeated all three contestants for north Indian supremacy \u2014 Pratiharas, Palas, and even the Pallavas<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Extended Rashtrakuta power from the Himalayan foothills to Cape Comorin<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">His campaigns were so successful that the Arab geographer of the period described him as one of the four great kings of the world<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Indra III (914\u2013928 CE):<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Launched a devastating campaign into north India<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Captured and destroyed Kanauj<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">His campaign temporarily ended Pratihara dominance in the north<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/play.google.com\/store\/apps\/details?id=com.govtjobs.alertapp&amp;utm_source=blog&amp;utm_medium=website&amp;utm_campaign=app_download\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-14807\" src=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/JRF-Adda-in-your-pocket-app-300x100.webp\" alt=\"App JRF Adda\" width=\"801\" height=\"267\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/JRF-Adda-in-your-pocket-app-300x100.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/JRF-Adda-in-your-pocket-app-1024x341.webp 1024w, https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/JRF-Adda-in-your-pocket-app-768x256.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/JRF-Adda-in-your-pocket-app-900x300.webp 900w, https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/JRF-Adda-in-your-pocket-app-620x207.webp 620w, https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/JRF-Adda-in-your-pocket-app-400x133.webp 400w, https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/JRF-Adda-in-your-pocket-app.webp 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 801px) 100vw, 801px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h3><b>Southern Politics\u00a0 Rashtrakutas vs. Eastern Chalukyas and Cholas<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Rashtrakutas were equally active in south Indian politics:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">They maintained contested relations with the <\/span><b>Eastern Chalukyas of Vengi<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0 sometimes fighting, sometimes intermarrying<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">They came into conflict with the rising <\/span><b>Chola<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> power of Tamil Nadu<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Krishna III (939\u2013967 CE)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> defeated the Chola king <\/span><b>Parantaka I<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> at the <\/span><b>Battle of Takkolam<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0 one of the major military events of the 10th century\u00a0 and extended Rashtrakuta power deep into Tamil Nadu, even reaching Rameshwaram<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b>Feudal Structure and Political Organization<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A crucial aspect of Rashtrakuta political development was their elaborate feudal structure:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Mahasamantas<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u2014 great feudatories who controlled large territories and paid tribute<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Samantas<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u2014 lesser chiefs controlling smaller areas<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Rashtrapatis<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u2014 provincial governors appointed by the king<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This decentralized system allowed the Rashtrakutas to govern a vast empire but also created the conditions for eventual fragmentation<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b>Amoghavarsha I\u00a0\u00a0<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><b>Amoghavarsha I (814\u2013878 CE)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> was one of the most unusual rulers in Indian political history:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">He ruled for 64 years one of the longest reigns in Indian history<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Despite facing numerous rebellions\u00a0 from feudatories, from the Eastern Chalukyas of Vengi, and from within his own family he maintained his throne through a combination of diplomacy, patronage, and resilience<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">He is said to have cut off his finger as an offering to the Jain goddess Mahalakshmi to avert a great calamity from his kingdom<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">His preference for cultural and religious patronage over military campaigns made his reign internally stable even if less expansionist<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Arab traveler Suleiman (851 CE) mentioned him as one of the four great kings of the world alongside the Caliph of Baghdad, the Emperor of China, and the Byzantine Emperor<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b>End of Rashtrakuta Power<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Rashtrakuta empire collapsed in 973\u2013974 CE when <\/span><b>Tailapa II<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, a Chalukya feudatory, took advantage of internal weakness and overthrew the last Rashtrakuta king <\/span><b>Indra IV<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (who committed ritual suicide). This ended over two centuries of Rashtrakuta dominance.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>Later Western Chalukyas and Chola-Chalukya Rivalry (10th\u201312th Century CE)<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Later Western Chalukyas (Chalukyas of Kalyani) established their capital at <\/span><b>Kalyani<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (modern Basavakalyan, Karnataka) after overthrowing the Rashtrakutas.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Tailapa II (973\u2013997 CE)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0 the founder\u00a0 had to work hard to consolidate power. The Rashtrakuta feudatories did not give up easily and it took several campaigns to firmly establish Chalukya authority.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>The Great Chola-Chalukya Conflict<\/b><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The dominant political development of the 11th\u201312th centuries in the Deccan was the prolonged and intense conflict between the <\/span><b>Later Western Chalukyas<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and the <\/span><b>Imperial Cholas<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of Tamil Nadu.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Context:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> By the 11th century, the Chola Empire under <\/span><b>Rajaraja I<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and his son <\/span><b>Rajendra I<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> had become the most powerful state in south India. The Cholas controlled Tamil Nadu, parts of Sri Lanka, and had launched the famous naval campaign against Srivijaya in Southeast Asia. Their northward expansion brought them into direct conflict with the Chalukyas.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Key Engagements:<\/b><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Ruler<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>Event<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>Outcome<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tailapa II vs Chola Rajaraja I<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Early border conflicts<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Inconclusive<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Someshvara I vs Chola Rajendra I<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Battle of Koppam (1052 CE)<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chalukya victory\u00a0 Rajendra I killed<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vikramaditya VI vs Cholas<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Multiple campaigns<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chalukya dominance maintained<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><b>Someshvara I (1042\u20131068 CE):<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The most militarily active Later Chalukya king<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Won the <\/span><b>Battle of Koppam<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (1052 CE) in which the Chola king Rajendra I (Rajendra Gangaikondachola) was killed\u00a0 a major political event<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Despite this victory, internal conflicts weakened the kingdom<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">He drowned himself in the Tungabhadra river in 1068 CE\u00a0 an act associated with ritual death (<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">jalasamadhi<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">)\u00a0 after feeling his powers declining<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Vikramaditya VI (1076\u20131126 CE):<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The greatest Later Chalukya ruler<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Conducted successful campaigns against the Cholas, Hoysalas, and Kadambas<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">His reign saw important political institution-building<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Patronized <\/span><b>Vijnaneshwara<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, who composed the <\/span><b>Mitakshara<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0 a foundational text of Hindu jurisprudence that defined inheritance and legal rights<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This legal work had profound political implications as it provided a systematic framework for property and succession rights across the Deccan<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b>Political Decline<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">After Vikramaditya VI, the Later Chalukyas went into rapid decline:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Feudatories like the <\/span><b>Hoysalas<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in the south and the <\/span><b>Yadavas<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in the north asserted independence<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><b>Kalachuris<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> briefly seized power (1156\u20131183 CE)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The kingdom finally dissolved in the early 13th century<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/ugc-net-coaching-in-jaipur\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>Join UGC NET Offline Classes in Jaipur<\/b><\/a><\/p>\n<h2><b>Regional Fragmentation and Three-Way Competition (12th\u201313th Century CE)<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">After the decline of the Later Chalukyas, the Deccan political scene fragmented into three major competing powers, each controlling a distinct zone:<\/span><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Kingdom<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>Zone<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>Capital<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Yadavas of Devagiri<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Western Deccan (Maharashtra)<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Devagiri<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kakatiyas of Warangal<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Eastern Deccan (Telangana\/Andhra)<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Warangal<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hoysalas<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Southern Deccan (Karnataka)<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dwarasamudra<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3><b>Yadavas of Devagiri\u00a0<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><b>Bhillama V<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> declared Yadava independence around 1187 CE, defeating the Later Chalukyas.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Singhana (1210\u20131246 CE)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0 the greatest Yadava king\u00a0 expanded the kingdom in all directions:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Defeated the <\/span><b>Hoysalas<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in the south<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pushed back the <\/span><b>Kakatiyas<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in the east<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Extended northern borders at the expense of declining powers<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Politically, the Yadavas were important because they controlled the passes through the Western Ghats and the routes between the northern Deccan and the Gangetic plains.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This made them strategically critical\u00a0 and ultimately made them the first target of the Delhi Sultanate&#8217;s southward expansion.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Political Decline:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Alauddin Khalji, even before becoming sultan, raided <\/span><b>Devagiri in 1296 CE<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and looted enormous wealth. This raid exposed the vulnerability of the Deccan kingdoms to northern Muslim power. Repeated raids and eventually full conquest brought the Yadava kingdom to an end by 1318 CE.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b>Kakatiyas of Warangal\u00a0<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Kakatiyas built one of the most effective political systems in Deccan history:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Nayankara System:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> This was the defining political institution of the Kakatiya state:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The kingdom was divided into <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">nayakships<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0 military-administrative territories<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Each territory was controlled by a <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">nayaka<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0 a military chief who received land in exchange for military service and tribute<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nayakas were responsible for maintaining troops, collecting revenue, and administering their territory<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This system was remarkably efficient for maintaining a large, militarized state<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Ganapati Deva (1199\u20131262 CE):<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The greatest Kakatiya ruler<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Unified the entire Telugu-speaking region under a single political authority for the first time<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Built an extensive network of tanks (irrigation reservoirs)\u00a0 a political strategy that secured agricultural surplus, popular support, and economic stability<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Extended Kakatiya power to the coast, controlling key ports<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Rudrama Devi (c. 1262\u20131289 CE):<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> One of the most extraordinary political developments in Deccan history was the reign of <\/span><b>Rudrama Devi<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0 a woman who ruled as a sovereign queen.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Assumed male titles and royal epithets to project political authority<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Faced and suppressed rebellions from feudatories who challenged a woman&#8217;s right to rule<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Led military campaigns personally against the Eastern Chalukyas and other rivals<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Was mentioned by Marco Polo, who described her as a capable and respected ruler<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Her political success demonstrated both the pragmatic flexibility and the pressures of Deccan political culture<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Prataparudra II (1289\u20131323 CE):<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The last Kakatiya ruler<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Fought valiantly against repeated Delhi Sultanate invasions<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Finally captured by Ulugh Khan&#8217;s forces in 1323 CE<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Kakatiya kingdom was formally annexed, ending independent Deccan political life in the east<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b>The Hoysalas\u00a0<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Hoysalas were more culturally than militarily dominant, but they played an important political role:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Vishnuvardhana (1108\u20131152 CE)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> defeated the Cholas and established Hoysala supremacy in southern Karnataka and parts of Tamil Nadu<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Hoysalas engaged in constant political competition with the Yadavas to the north and the Pandyas to the south<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Veera Ballala III (c. 1292\u20131342 CE)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> attempted to resist the Delhi Sultanate raids of Malik Kafur (1310\u20131311 CE) but ultimately failed<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Hoysalas&#8217; political decline opened space for the emergence of the <\/span><b>Vijayanagara Empire<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in 1336 CE\u00a0 which marks the next great chapter of Deccan political history<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>Themes Political Developments in the Deccan after Gupta Decline<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A defining characteristic of post-Gupta Deccan politics was the feudal structure of governance. Unlike the centralized Maurya or Gupta empires, Deccan kingdoms relied heavily on feudatory chiefs (<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">samantas<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">) who:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Controlled territory in exchange for military service and tribute<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Maintained their own armies and courts<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Periodically rebelled when central power weakened<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Could transfer allegiance to a stronger overlord<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This system was efficient for expansion but inherently unstable. <\/span><b>Almost every major Deccan dynasty eventually fell because its own feudatories broke away<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0 the Chalukyas fell to the Rashtrakutas (their feudatories); the Rashtrakutas fell to the Later Chalukyas (their feudatories); the Later Chalukyas were undermined by Hoysalas and Yadavas (their feudatories).<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Matrimonial Diplomacy<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Political alliances through marriage were systematically used:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Gupta-Vakataka alliance through Prabhavatigupta<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Rashtrakuta matrimonial connections with Eastern Chalukyas<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Later Chalukya alliances with regional powers<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Marriage was not merely personal\u00a0 it was a political instrument that created obligations, transferred territory, and legitimized claims.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">\n<h3><b>The Narmada as a Political Boundary<\/b><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Throughout the post-Gupta period, the <\/span><b>Narmada river<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> functioned as a recognized boundary between northern Indian political systems and Deccan political systems. Pulakesi II&#8217;s defeat of Harsha at the Narmada confirmed this boundary. Even later, the Delhi Sultanate&#8217;s southward expansion initially stopped at the Vindhya-Narmada line before Alauddin Khalji&#8217;s ambitions drove it further south.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">\n<h3><b>Competition for Kanauj and Pan-Indian Ambitions<\/b><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><b>Tripartite Struggle for Kanauj<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> reveals an important political truth\u00a0 Deccan kingdoms did not see themselves as merely regional powers. The Rashtrakutas, in particular, sought pan-Indian political supremacy. Their campaigns deep into north India and their diplomatic relations with Arab rulers show that they were thinking in subcontinental, not just regional, terms.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b>The Role of Trade Routes in Political Competition<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Much of the military conflict between Deccan kingdoms was driven by competition for control of economically vital zones:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>East-west Deccan routes<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> connecting the Arabian Sea coast with the Bay of Bengal coast<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Northern gateways<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> through the Vindhyas and Narmada valley<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Southern ports<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> especially on the Konkan and Malabar coasts\u00a0 through which Arab, Persian, and Southeast Asian trade flowed<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Whoever controlled these routes controlled the tax revenues from trade, which funded further military campaigns<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b>Religious Politics and Legitimacy<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Religion played an explicit role in political legitimacy:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kings performed <\/span><b>Ashwamedha sacrifices<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to claim sovereignty<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Hiranyagarbha<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> ceremonies legitimized rulers of non-Kshatriya origin<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Patronage of temples and religious institutions built popular support<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><b>Rashtrakutas&#8217; tolerance of Islam<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> was partly political\u00a0 Arab traders were too economically important to alienate<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Rudrama Devi<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> used religious patronage strategically to build legitimacy for her unusual rule as a woman<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>Political Developments in the Deccan after Gupta Decline\u00a0<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The decline of the Gupta Empire in the mid-6th century CE marked a turning point in Indian political history. In the Deccan region, this decline led to the emergence of powerful regional kingdoms, decentralization of authority, and continuous political competition among dynasties. This phase laid the foundation for early medieval political structures in India.<\/span><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Dynasty<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>Period<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>Political High Point<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>Political Downfall<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vakatakas<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">3rd\u20135th CE<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gupta alliance; Samrat title<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Internal fragmentation; Huna pressure<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chalukyas of Badami<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">6th\u20138th CE<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Defeat of Harsha; control of Deccan<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Overthrown by Rashtrakuta feudatory Dantidurga<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Rashtrakutas<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">8th\u201310th CE<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tripartite struggle; defeat of Cholas<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Overthrown by Later Chalukya feudatory Tailapa II<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Eastern Chalukyas of Vengi<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">7th\u201311th CE<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Independent Andhra power<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Absorbed into Chola political sphere<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pallavas of Kanchipuram<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">4th\u20139th CE<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Defeat of Pulakesi II; Kanchipuram culture<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Weakened by Chalukyas and Rashtrakutas; overthrown by Cholas<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Later Chalukyas of Kalyani<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">10th\u201312th CE<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Defeat of Chola Rajendra I at Koppam<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Feudatory rebellion by Hoysalas and Yadavas<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Yadavas of Devagiri<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">12th\u201314th CE<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dominance over western Deccan<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Delhi Sultanate invasion; Malik Kafur&#8217;s raids<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kakatiyas of Warangal<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">12th\u201314th CE<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nayankara system; Rudrama Devi<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Delhi Sultanate annexation in 1323 CE<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hoysalas<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">11th\u201314th CE<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Southern Deccan control; Belur temples<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Malik Kafur&#8217;s raids; Vijayanagara rise<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/ugc-net-coaching-in-jaipur\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>Join UGC NET Coaching in Jaipur<\/b><\/a><\/p>\n<h2><b>Significance for Indian Political History<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The political developments in the Deccan after Gupta decline were not merely regional events. They had consequences for the entire subcontinent:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Prevented north Indian domination:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The Deccan kingdoms\u00a0 especially the Chalukyas and Rashtrakutas\u00a0 repeatedly prevented north Indian rulers from achieving complete pan-Indian hegemony. Pulakesi II stopped Harsha. The Rashtrakutas competed with and defeated the Pratiharas. This sustained Deccan independence preserved distinct southern and Deccan political and cultural traditions.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Created a template for resistance against the Delhi Sultanate:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The feudal nayaka system developed by the Kakatiyas became the model for later resistance movements. The successors of these systems\u00a0 the <\/span><b>Vijayanagara Empire (founded 1336 CE)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0 became the great bulwark of Hindu political and cultural life against further Islamic expansion in the south.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Shaped regional identities:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The centuries of independent political life under these Deccan kingdoms gave distinct political, linguistic, and cultural identities to the regions of modern Maharashtra, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, and Karnataka. These identities were forged in the crucible of political competition, artistic patronage, and administrative development.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Produced political institutions:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The feudal structures, revenue systems, nayaka military organization, and legal frameworks (like Mitakshara) developed in this period shaped Indian political life for centuries.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.flipkart.com\/ugc-net-general-paper-1-hand-written-book-jrfadda-notes-aditi-ma-m\/p\/itm494f814128b46\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-14809\" src=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/book-banner-2-300x100.webp\" alt=\"JRF Adda Book\" width=\"771\" height=\"257\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/book-banner-2-300x100.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/book-banner-2-1024x341.webp 1024w, https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/book-banner-2-768x256.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/book-banner-2-900x300.webp 900w, https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/book-banner-2-620x207.webp 620w, https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/book-banner-2-400x133.webp 400w, https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/book-banner-2.webp 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 771px) 100vw, 771px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; height: 23px;\" colspan=\"4\"><b>Read UGC NET Notes<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/archaeological-sources-for-ugc-net\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Archaeological Sources for UGC NET<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/epigraphy-study-of-inscriptions\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Epigraphy \u2013 Study of Inscriptions<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/meaning-of-historical-sources\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Meaning of Historical Sources<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Archaeological<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/meaning-of-historical-sources\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Meaning of Historical Sources<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/archaeological-sources-for-ugc-net\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Archaeological Sources for UGC NET<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/literary-sources-in-history\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Literary Sources in History<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Archaeological<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">3<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/exploration-in-archaeology\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Exploration in Archaeology<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/excavation-techniques-in-archaeology\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Excavation Techniques in Archaeology<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/dating-of-archaeological-sites\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dating of Archaeological Sites<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Archaeological<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">4<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/excavation-techniques-in-archaeology\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Excavation Techniques in Archaeology<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/exploration-in-archaeology\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Exploration in Archaeology<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/dating-of-archaeological-sites\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dating of Archaeological Sites<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Archaeological<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">5<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/epigraphy-study-of-inscriptions\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Epigraphy \u2013 Study of Inscriptions<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/inscriptions-in-reconstructing-history\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Inscriptions in Reconstructing History<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/numismatics-in-history\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Numismatics in History<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Archaeological<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">6<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/inscriptions-in-reconstructing-history\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Inscriptions in Reconstructing History<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/epigraphy-study-of-inscriptions\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Epigraphy \u2013 Study of Inscriptions<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/archaeological-sources-for-ugc-net\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Archaeological Sources for UGC NET<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Archaeological<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">7<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/numismatics-in-history\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Numismatics in History<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/importance-of-coins-in-history\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Importance of Coins in History<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/epigraphy-study-of-inscriptions\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Epigraphy \u2013 Study of Inscriptions<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Archaeological<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">8<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/importance-of-coins-in-history\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Importance of Coins in History<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/numismatics-in-history\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Numismatics in History<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/archaeological-sources-for-ugc-net\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Archaeological Sources for UGC NET<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Archaeological<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">9<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/dating-of-archaeological-sites\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dating of Archaeological Sites<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/excavation-techniques-in-archaeology\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Excavation Techniques in Archaeology<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/dating-ancient-literary-sources\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dating Ancient Literary Sources<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Archaeological<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">10<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/indigenous-literature\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Indigenous Literature<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/literary-sources-in-history\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Literary Sources in History<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/secular-literature-as-historical-source\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Secular Literature as Historical Source<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Literary<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">11<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/dating-ancient-literary-sources\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dating Ancient Literary Sources<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/literary-sources-in-history\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Literary Sources in History<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/dating-of-archaeological-sites\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dating of Archaeological Sites<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Literary<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">12<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/literary-sources-in-history\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Literary Sources in History<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/indigenous-literature\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Indigenous Literature<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/foreign-accounts-of-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Foreign Accounts of India<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Literary<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">13<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/foreign-accounts-of-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Foreign Accounts of India<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/greek-accounts-on-ancient-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Greek Accounts on Ancient India<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/chinese-accounts-on-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chinese Accounts on India<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Literary<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">14<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/greek-accounts-on-ancient-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Greek Accounts on Ancient India<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/foreign-accounts-of-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Foreign Accounts of India<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/chinese-accounts-on-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chinese Accounts on India<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Literary<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">15<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/secular-literature-as-historical-source\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Secular Literature as Historical Source<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/literary-sources-in-history\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Literary Sources in History<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/indigenous-literature\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Indigenous Literature<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Literary<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 47px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">16<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/role-of-myths-and-legends-in-historical-reconstruction\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Role of Myths and Legends in Historical Reconstruction<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/literary-sources-in-history\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Literary Sources in History<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/secular-literature-as-historical-source\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Secular Literature as Historical Source<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Literary<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">17<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/chinese-accounts-on-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chinese Accounts on India<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/foreign-accounts-of-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Foreign Accounts of India<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/greek-accounts-on-ancient-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Greek Accounts on Ancient India<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Literary<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">18<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/arabic-accounts-on-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Arabic Accounts on India<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/foreign-accounts-of-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Foreign Accounts of India<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/chinese-accounts-on-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chinese Accounts on India<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Literary<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">19<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/neolithic-and-chalcolithic-phases\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Neolithic and Chalcolithic Phases<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/neolithic-revolution-in-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Neolithic Revolution in India<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/chalcolithic-culture-in-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chalcolithic Culture in India<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Neolithic<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">20<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/hunting-gathering-food-production\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hunting, Gathering &amp; Food Production<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/neolithic-revolution-in-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Neolithic Revolution in India<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/neolithic-settlements-in-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Neolithic Settlements in India<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Neolithic<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">21<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/neolithic-revolution-in-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Neolithic Revolution in India<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/neolithic-settlements-in-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Neolithic Settlements in India<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/tools-and-technology-in-neolithic-period\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tools and Technology in Neolithic Period<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Neolithic<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 47px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">22<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/neolithic-settlements-in-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Neolithic Settlements in India<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/distribution-of-neolithic-cultures-in-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Distribution of Neolithic Cultures in India<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/neolithic-revolution-in-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Neolithic Revolution in India<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Neolithic<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">23<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/distribution-of-neolithic-cultures-in-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Distribution of Neolithic Cultures in India<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/neolithic-settlements-in-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Neolithic Settlements in India<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/tools-and-technology-in-neolithic-period\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tools and Technology in Neolithic Period<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Neolithic<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">24<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/tools-and-technology-in-neolithic-period\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tools and Technology in Neolithic Period<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/neolithic-revolution-in-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Neolithic Revolution in India<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/chalcolithic-culture-in-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chalcolithic Culture in India<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Neolithic<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 47px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">25<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/chalcolithic-culture-in-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chalcolithic Culture in India<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/settlement-pattern-and-economy-in-chalcolithic-phase\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Settlement Pattern &amp; Economy in Chalcolithic Phase<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/trade-and-exchange-networks-in-chalcolithic-societies\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Trade &amp; Exchange Networks in Chalcolithic Societies<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Neolithic<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 47px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">26<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/settlement-pattern-and-economy-in-chalcolithic-phase\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Settlement Pattern &amp; Economy \u2013 Chalcolithic Phase<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/chalcolithic-culture-in-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chalcolithic Culture in India<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/trade-and-exchange-networks-in-chalcolithic-societies\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Trade &amp; Exchange Networks in Chalcolithic Societies<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Neolithic<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 47px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">27<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/trade-and-exchange-networks-in-chalcolithic-societies\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Trade &amp; Exchange Networks \u2013 Chalcolithic Societies<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/chalcolithic-culture-in-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chalcolithic Culture in India<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/indus-valley-civilization-internal-external-trade\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">IVC Internal &amp; External Trade<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Neolithic<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">28<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/indus-valley-civilization-ugc-net\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Indus Valley Civilization \u2013 UGC NET<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/major-sites-of-indus-civilization-list\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Major Sites of Indus Civilization<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/urban-planning-settlement-in-harappan-civilization\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Urban Planning in Harappan Civilization<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">IVC<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 47px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">29<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/indus-valley-civilization-internal-external-trade\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">IVC Internal &amp; External Trade<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/internal-trade-harappan-civilization\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Internal Trade \u2013 Harappan Civilization<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/craft-specialization-industrial-activities-harappan-civilization\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Craft Specialization in Harappan Civilization<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">IVC<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 47px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">30<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/political-organization-harappan-civilization\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Political Organization \u2013 Harappan Civilization<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/social-structure-indus-civilization\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Social Structure \u2013 Indus Civilization<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/urban-planning-settlement-in-harappan-civilization\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Urban Planning in Harappan Civilization<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">IVC<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">31<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/major-sites-of-indus-civilization-list\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Major Sites of Indus Civilization<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/indus-valley-civilization-ugc-net\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Indus Valley Civilization \u2013 UGC NET<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/urban-planning-settlement-in-harappan-civilization\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Urban Planning in Harappan Civilization<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">IVC<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 47px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">32<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/urban-planning-settlement-in-harappan-civilization\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Urban Planning &amp; Settlement \u2013 Harappan Civilization<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/architecture-town-planning-harappan-cities\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Architecture &amp; Town Planning \u2013 Harappan Cities<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/indus-civilization-as-first-urbanization-in-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">IVC as First Urbanization in India<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">IVC<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 47px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">33<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/architecture-town-planning-harappan-cities\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Architecture &amp; Town Planning \u2013 Harappan Cities<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/urban-planning-settlement-in-harappan-civilization\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Urban Planning in Harappan Civilization<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/major-sites-of-indus-civilization-list\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Major Sites of Indus Civilization<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">IVC<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 47px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">34<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/craft-specialization-industrial-activities-harappan-civilization\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Craft Specialization &amp; Industrial Activities \u2013 Harappan<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/agriculture-food-economy-harappans\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Agriculture &amp; Food Economy \u2013 Harappans<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/indus-valley-civilization-internal-external-trade\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">IVC Internal &amp; External Trade<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">IVC<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 47px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">35<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/agriculture-food-economy-harappans\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Agriculture &amp; Food Economy \u2013 Harappans<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/craft-specialization-industrial-activities-harappan-civilization\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Craft Specialization in Harappan Civilization<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/internal-trade-harappan-civilization\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Internal Trade \u2013 Harappan Civilization<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">IVC<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 47px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">36<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/internal-trade-harappan-civilization\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Internal Trade \u2013 Harappan Civilization<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/indus-valley-civilization-internal-external-trade\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">IVC Internal &amp; External Trade<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/craft-specialization-industrial-activities-harappan-civilization\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Craft Specialization in Harappan Civilization<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">IVC<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">37<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/religion-beliefs-indus-in-civilization\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Religion &amp; Beliefs \u2013 Indus Civilization<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/social-structure-indus-civilization\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Social Structure \u2013 Indus Civilization<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/indus-valley-civilization-ugc-net\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Indus Valley Civilization \u2013 UGC NET<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">IVC<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 47px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">38<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/social-structure-indus-civilization\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Social Structure \u2013 Indus Civilization<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/political-organization-harappan-civilization\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Political Organization \u2013 Harappan Civilization<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/religion-beliefs-indus-in-civilization\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Religion &amp; Beliefs \u2013 Indus Civilization<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">IVC<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">39<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/decline-indus-civilization\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Decline of Indus Civilization<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/indus-valley-civilization-ugc-net\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Indus Valley Civilization \u2013 UGC NET<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/indus-civilization-as-first-urbanization-in-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">IVC as First Urbanization in India<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">IVC<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">40<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/indus-civilization-as-first-urbanization-in-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">IVC as First Urbanization in India<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/urban-planning-settlement-in-harappan-civilization\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Urban Planning in Harappan Civilization<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/second-urbanization-in-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Second Urbanization in India<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">IVC<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 47px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">41<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/vedic-and-later-vedic-periods-aryan-varna-system\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vedic &amp; Later Vedic Periods \u2013 Aryan Varna System<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/early-vedic-society-and-economy\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Early Vedic Society and Economy<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/later-vedic-society-and-economy\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Later Vedic Society and Economy<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vedic<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 47px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">42<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/origin-of-vedic-civilization\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Origin of Vedic Civilization<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/aryan-debate-migration-invasion-indigenous-theories\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Aryan Debate \u2013 Migration, Invasion &amp; Indigenous Theories<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/early-vedic-society-and-economy\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Early Vedic Society and Economy<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vedic<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 47px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">43<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/aryan-debate-migration-invasion-indigenous-theories\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Aryan Debate \u2013 Migration, Invasion &amp; Indigenous Theories<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/origin-of-vedic-civilization\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Origin of Vedic Civilization<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/early-vedic-society-and-economy\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Early Vedic Society and Economy<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vedic<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">44<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/early-vedic-society-and-economy\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Early Vedic Society and Economy<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/political-institutions-early-vedic-period\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Political Institutions \u2013 Early Vedic Period<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/social-structure-early-vedic-period\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Social Structure \u2013 Early Vedic Period<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vedic<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">45<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/political-institutions-early-vedic-period\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Political Institutions \u2013 Early Vedic Period<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/early-vedic-society-and-economy\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Early Vedic Society and Economy<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/monarchical-states-in-ancient-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Monarchical States in Ancient India<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vedic<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 47px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">46<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/social-structure-early-vedic-period\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Social Structure \u2013 Early Vedic Period<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/emergence-of-varnas-and-social-stratification\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Emergence of Varnas &amp; Social Stratification<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/early-vedic-society-and-economy\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Early Vedic Society and Economy<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vedic<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 47px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">47<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/later-vedic-society-and-economy\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Later Vedic Society and Economy<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/emergence-of-varnas-and-social-stratification\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Emergence of Varnas &amp; Social Stratification<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/impact-of-iron-technology-in-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Impact of Iron Technology in India<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vedic<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 47px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">48<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/emergence-of-varnas-and-social-stratification\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Emergence of Varnas &amp; Social Stratification<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/social-structure-early-vedic-period\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Social Structure \u2013 Early Vedic Period<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/later-vedic-society-and-economy\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Later Vedic Society and Economy<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vedic<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 47px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">49<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/emergence-of-heterodox-sects-in-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Emergence of Heterodox Sects in India<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/jainism-buddhism-ajivikas-origins-teachings\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Jainism, Buddhism &amp; Ajivikas \u2013 Origins &amp; Teachings<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/later-vedic-society-and-economy\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Later Vedic Society and Economy<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vedic<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 47px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">50<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/impact-of-iron-technology-in-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Impact of Iron Technology in India<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/later-vedic-society-and-economy\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Later Vedic Society and Economy<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/agricultural-expansion-economic-changes-ancient-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Agricultural Expansion &amp; Economic Changes \u2013 Ancient India<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vedic<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 47px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">51<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/history\/religious-philosophical-vedic-ideas-ugc-net\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Religious &amp; Philosophical Vedic Ideas<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/emergence-of-varnas-and-social-stratification\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Emergence of Varnas &amp; Social Stratification<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/emergence-of-heterodox-sects-in-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Emergence of Heterodox Sects in India<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vedic<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 47px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">52<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/megalithic-culture-of-south-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Megalithic Culture of South India<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/neolithic-and-chalcolithic-phases\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Neolithic and Chalcolithic Phases<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/agricultural-expansion-economic-changes-ancient-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Agricultural Expansion &amp; Economic Changes<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">General<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 47px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">53<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/state-system-ancient-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">State System in Ancient India<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/rise-of-mahajanapadas\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Rise of Mahajanapadas<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/transition-tribal-polities-to-territorial-states\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Transition: Tribal Polities to Territorial States<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">General<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 47px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">54<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/transition-tribal-polities-to-territorial-states\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Transition: Tribal Polities to Territorial States<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/rise-of-mahajanapadas\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Rise of Mahajanapadas<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/later-vedic-society-and-economy\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Later Vedic Society and Economy<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">General<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 47px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">55<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/rise-of-mahajanapadas\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Rise of Mahajanapadas<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/monarchical-states-in-ancient-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Monarchical States in Ancient India<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/republican-states-gana-sanghas-ancient-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Republican States (Gana-Sanghas) \u2013 Ancient India<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Magadha<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">56<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/monarchical-states-in-ancient-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Monarchical States in Ancient India<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/rise-of-mahajanapadas\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Rise of Mahajanapadas<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/emergence-of-magadha\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Emergence of Magadha<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Magadha<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 47px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">57<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/republican-states-gana-sanghas-ancient-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Republican States (Gana-Sanghas) \u2013 Ancient India<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/rise-of-mahajanapadas\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Rise of Mahajanapadas<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/monarchical-states-in-ancient-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Monarchical States in Ancient India<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Magadha<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 47px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">58<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/agricultural-expansion-economic-changes-ancient-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Agricultural Expansion &amp; Economic Changes \u2013 Ancient India<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/second-urbanization-in-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Second Urbanization in India<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/impact-of-iron-technology-in-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Impact of Iron Technology in India<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">General<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">59<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/second-urbanization-in-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Second Urbanization in India<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/indus-civilization-as-first-urbanization-in-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">IVC as First Urbanization in India<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/rise-of-mahajanapadas\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Rise of Mahajanapadas<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">General<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 47px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">60<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/jainism-buddhism-ajivikas-origins-teachings\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Jainism, Buddhism &amp; Ajivikas \u2013 Origins &amp; Teachings<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/emergence-of-heterodox-sects-in-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Emergence of Heterodox Sects in India<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/ashoka-policy-of-dhamma\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ashoka&#8217;s Policy of Dhamma<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">General<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">61<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/emergence-of-magadha\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Emergence of Magadha<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/geographical-advantages-of-magadha\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Geographical Advantages of Magadha<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/early-rulers-of-magadha\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Early Rulers of Magadha<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Magadha<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 47px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">62<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/geographical-advantages-of-magadha\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Geographical Advantages of Magadha<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/natural-resources-and-economic-strength-of-magadha\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Natural Resources &amp; Economic Strength of Magadha<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/history\/reasons-for-success-of-magadha\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Reasons for Success of Magadha<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Magadha<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 47px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">63<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/natural-resources-and-economic-strength-of-magadha\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Natural Resources &amp; Economic Strength of Magadha<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/geographical-advantages-of-magadha\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Geographical Advantages of Magadha<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/economic-policies-of-nandas\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Economic Policies of the Nandas<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Magadha<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">64<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/early-rulers-of-magadha\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Early Rulers of Magadha<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/haryanka-dynasty-rise-of-magadha\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Haryanka Dynasty \u2013 Rise of Magadha<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/emergence-of-magadha\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Emergence of Magadha<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Magadha<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">65<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/haryanka-dynasty-rise-of-magadha\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Haryanka Dynasty \u2013 Rise of Magadha<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/expansion-policy-of-bimbisara\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Expansion Policy of Bimbisara<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/early-rulers-of-magadha\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Early Rulers of Magadha<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Magadha<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">66<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/expansion-policy-of-bimbisara\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Expansion Policy of Bimbisara<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/history\/ajatashatru-military-reforms\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ajatashatru \u2013 Military Reforms<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/haryanka-dynasty-rise-of-magadha\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Haryanka Dynasty \u2013 Rise of Magadha<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Magadha<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">67<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/history\/ajatashatru-military-reforms\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ajatashatru \u2013 Military Reforms<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/wars-of-ajatashatru\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Wars of Ajatashatru<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/expansion-policy-of-bimbisara\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Expansion Policy of Bimbisara<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Magadha<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">68<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/wars-of-ajatashatru\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Wars of Ajatashatru<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/history\/ajatashatru-military-reforms\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ajatashatru \u2013 Military Reforms<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/udayin-establishment-of-pataliputra\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Udayin &amp; Establishment of Pataliputra<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Magadha<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">69<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/udayin-establishment-of-pataliputra\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Udayin &amp; Establishment of Pataliputra<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/wars-of-ajatashatru\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Wars of Ajatashatru<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/history\/shishunaga-dynasty\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Shishunaga Dynasty<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Magadha<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 47px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">70<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/history\/shishunaga-dynasty\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Shishunaga Dynasty<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/administrative-structure-of-shishunagas\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Administrative Structure of the Shishunagas<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/nanda-dynasty\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nanda Dynasty<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Magadha<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 47px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">71<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/administrative-structure-of-shishunagas\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Administrative Structure of the Shishunagas<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/history\/shishunaga-dynasty\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Shishunaga Dynasty<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/central-administration-under-mauryas\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Central Administration Under Mauryas<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Magadha<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 47px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">72<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/nanda-dynasty\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nanda Dynasty<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/mahapadma-nanda-imperial-expansion\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mahapadma Nanda \u2013 Imperial Expansion<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/history\/shishunaga-dynasty\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Shishunaga Dynasty<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Magadha<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">73<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/mahapadma-nanda-imperial-expansion\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mahapadma Nanda \u2013 Imperial Expansion<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/military-strength-of-nandas\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Military Strength of the Nandas<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/nanda-dynasty\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nanda Dynasty<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Magadha<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">74<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/economic-policies-of-nandas\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Economic Policies of the Nandas<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/nanda-dynasty\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nanda Dynasty<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/taxation-system-mauryan-state\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Taxation System \u2013 Mauryan State<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Magadha<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 47px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">75<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/military-strength-of-nandas\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Military Strength of the Nandas<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/mahapadma-nanda-imperial-expansion\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mahapadma Nanda \u2013 Imperial Expansion<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/defeat-of-nandas-rise-of-mauryan-empire\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Defeat of Nandas &amp; Rise of Mauryan Empire<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Magadha<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 47px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">76<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/history\/reasons-for-success-of-magadha\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Reasons for Success of Magadha<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/geographical-advantages-of-magadha\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Geographical Advantages of Magadha<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/natural-resources-and-economic-strength-of-magadha\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Natural Resources &amp; Economic Strength of Magadha<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Magadha<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 47px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">77<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/mahajanapadas-to-empire-evolution-rise-of-magadha-growth\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mahajanapadas to Empire \u2013 Evolution &amp; Rise of Magadha<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/rise-of-mahajanapadas\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Rise of Mahajanapadas<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/emergence-of-magadha\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Emergence of Magadha<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Magadha<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">78<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/mauryan-empire-expansion\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mauryan Empire \u2013 Expansion<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/rise-of-chandragupta-maurya\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Rise of Chandragupta Maurya<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/expansion-of-mauryan-empire\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Expansion of Mauryan Empire<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Maurya<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 47px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">79<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/rise-of-chandragupta-maurya\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Rise of Chandragupta Maurya<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/history\/role-of-chanakya-in-rise-of-mauryan-empire\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Role of Chanakya in Rise of Mauryan Empire<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/defeat-of-nandas-rise-of-mauryan-empire\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Defeat of Nandas &amp; Rise of Mauryan Empire<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Maurya<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 47px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">80<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/history\/role-of-chanakya-in-rise-of-mauryan-empire\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Role of Chanakya in Rise of Mauryan Empire<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/rise-of-chandragupta-maurya\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Rise of Chandragupta Maurya<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/defeat-of-nandas-rise-of-mauryan-empire\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Defeat of Nandas &amp; Rise of Mauryan Empire<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Maurya<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 47px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">81<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/defeat-of-nandas-rise-of-mauryan-empire\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Defeat of Nandas &amp; Rise of Mauryan Empire<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/military-strength-of-nandas\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Military Strength of the Nandas<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/rise-of-chandragupta-maurya\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Rise of Chandragupta Maurya<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Maurya<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 47px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">82<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/chandragupta-maurya-seleucus-treaty-diplomacy-expansion\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chandragupta Maurya \u2013 Seleucus Treaty &amp; Diplomacy<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/expansion-of-mauryan-empire\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Expansion of Mauryan Empire<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/greek-accounts-on-ancient-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Greek Accounts on Ancient India<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Maurya<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 47px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">83<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/expansion-of-mauryan-empire\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Expansion of Mauryan Empire<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/chandragupta-maurya-seleucus-treaty-diplomacy-expansion\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chandragupta Maurya \u2013 Seleucus Treaty &amp; Diplomacy<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/history\/kalinga-war\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kalinga War<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Maurya<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">84<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/administration-of-chandragupta-maurya\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Administration of Chandragupta Maurya<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/central-administration-under-mauryas\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Central Administration Under Mauryas<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/mauryan-bureaucracy\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mauryan Bureaucracy<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Maurya<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">85<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/sources-for-mauryan-history\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sources for Mauryan History<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/archaeological-sources-for-ugc-net\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Archaeological Sources for UGC NET<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net\/greek-accounts-on-ancient-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Greek Accounts on Ancient India<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Maurya<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 47px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">86<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/central-administration-under-mauryas\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Central Administration Under Mauryas<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/provincial-administration-mauryan-empire\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Provincial Administration \u2013 Mauryan Empire<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/mauryan-bureaucracy\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mauryan Bureaucracy<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Maurya<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 47px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">87<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/provincial-administration-mauryan-empire\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Provincial Administration \u2013 Mauryan Empire<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/local-administration-mauryan-empire\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Local Administration \u2013 Mauryan Empire<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/central-administration-under-mauryas\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Central Administration Under Mauryas<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Maurya<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 47px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">88<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/local-administration-mauryan-empire\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Local Administration \u2013 Mauryan Empire<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/provincial-administration-mauryan-empire\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Provincial Administration \u2013 Mauryan Empire<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/mauryan-bureaucracy\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mauryan Bureaucracy<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Maurya<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">89<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/mauryan-bureaucracy\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mauryan Bureaucracy<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/central-administration-under-mauryas\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Central Administration Under Mauryas<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/espionage-system-mauryan-empire\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Espionage System \u2013 Mauryan Empire<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Maurya<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">90<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/espionage-system-mauryan-empire\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Espionage System \u2013 Mauryan Empire<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/mauryan-bureaucracy\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mauryan Bureaucracy<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/central-administration-under-mauryas\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Central Administration Under Mauryas<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Maurya<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">91<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/ancient-india-trade-and-commerce\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ancient India \u2013 Trade and Commerce<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/trade-and-commerce-under-mauryas\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Trade and Commerce Under Mauryas<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/agrarian-economy-mauryan-period-land-system-irrigation-taxation\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Agrarian Economy \u2013 Mauryan Period<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Maurya<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">92<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/agrarian-economy-mauryan-period-land-system-irrigation-taxation\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Agrarian Economy \u2013 Mauryan Period<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/taxation-system-mauryan-state\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Taxation System \u2013 Mauryan State<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/trade-and-commerce-under-mauryas\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Trade and Commerce Under Mauryas<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Maurya<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">93<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/trade-and-commerce-under-mauryas\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Trade and Commerce Under Mauryas<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/ancient-india-trade-and-commerce\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ancient India \u2013 Trade and Commerce<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/agrarian-economy-mauryan-period-land-system-irrigation-taxation\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Agrarian Economy \u2013 Mauryan Period<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Maurya<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">94<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/taxation-system-mauryan-state\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Taxation System \u2013 Mauryan State<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/agrarian-economy-mauryan-period-land-system-irrigation-taxation\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Agrarian Economy \u2013 Mauryan Period<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/economic-policies-of-nandas\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Economic Policies of the Nandas<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Maurya<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">95<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/history\/kalinga-war\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kalinga War<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/ashoka-policy-of-dhamma\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ashoka&#8217;s Policy of Dhamma<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/expansion-of-mauryan-empire\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Expansion of Mauryan Empire<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Maurya<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">96<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/ashoka-policy-of-dhamma\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ashoka&#8217;s Policy of Dhamma<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/nature-philosophy-dhamma\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nature &amp; Philosophy of Dhamma<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/history\/kalinga-war\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kalinga War<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Maurya<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">97<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/nature-philosophy-dhamma\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nature &amp; Philosophy of Dhamma<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/ashoka-policy-of-dhamma\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ashoka&#8217;s Policy of Dhamma<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/jainism-buddhism-ajivikas-origins-teachings\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Jainism, Buddhism &amp; Ajivikas<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Maurya<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2><b>Political Developments in the Deccan after Gupta Decline\u00a0 FAQs<\/b><\/h2>\n<style>#sp-ea-24869 .spcollapsing { height: 0; overflow: hidden; transition-property: height;transition-duration: 300ms;}#sp-ea-24869{ position: relative; }#sp-ea-24869 .ea-card{ opacity: 0;}#eap-preloader-24869{ position: absolute; left: 0; top: 0; height: 100%;width: 100%; text-align: center;display: flex; align-items: center;justify-content: center;}#sp-ea-24869.sp-easy-accordion>.sp-ea-single {margin-bottom: 10px; border: 1px solid #e2e2e2; }#sp-ea-24869.sp-easy-accordion>.sp-ea-single>.ea-header a {color: #444;}#sp-ea-24869.sp-easy-accordion>.sp-ea-single>.sp-collapse>.ea-body {background: #fff; color: #444;}#sp-ea-24869.sp-easy-accordion>.sp-ea-single {background: #eee;}#sp-ea-24869.sp-easy-accordion>.sp-ea-single>.ea-header a .ea-expand-icon { float: left; color: #444;font-size: 16px;}<\/style><div id=\"sp_easy_accordion-1777376440\">\n<div id=\"sp-ea-24869\" class=\"sp-ea-one sp-easy-accordion\" data-ea-active=\"ea-click\" data-ea-mode=\"vertical\" data-preloader=\"1\" data-scroll-active-item=\"1\" data-offset-to-scroll=\"0\">\n\n\t<div id=\"eap-preloader-24869\" class=\"accordion-preloader\">\n\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/wp-content\/plugins\/easy-accordion-free\/public\/assets\/ea_loader.svg\" alt=\"Loader image\"\/>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<!-- Start accordion card div. -->\n<div class=\"ea-card ea-expand sp-ea-single\">\n\t<!-- Start accordion header. -->\n\t<h3 class=\"ea-header\">\n\t\t<!-- Add anchor tag for header. -->\n\t\t<a class=\"collapsed\" id=\"ea-header-248690\" role=\"button\" data-sptoggle=\"spcollapse\" data-sptarget=\"#collapse248690\" aria-controls=\"collapse248690\" href=\"#\"  aria-expanded=\"true\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"presentation\" class=\"ea-expand-icon eap-icon-ea-expand-minus\"><\/i> 1. Who were the major dynasties in the Deccan after the Gupta decline?\t\t<\/a> <!-- Close anchor tag for header. -->\n\t<\/h3>\t<!-- Close header tag. -->\n\t<!-- Start collapsible content div. -->\n\t<div class=\"sp-collapse spcollapse collapsed show\" id=\"collapse248690\" data-parent=\"#sp-ea-24869\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"ea-header-248690\">  <!-- Content div. -->\n\t\t<div class=\"ea-body\">\n\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">After the Gupta decline, the Deccan saw the rise of the Vakatakas, Chalukyas of Badami, Rashtrakutas, Later Chalukyas, Yadavas, Kakatiyas, and Hoysalas. These dynasties shaped regional politics through warfare, alliances, and cultural patronage, marking the Deccan as an independent power center.<\/span><\/p>\n\t\t<\/div> <!-- Close content div. -->\n\t<\/div> <!-- Close collapse div. -->\n<\/div> <!-- Close card div. -->\n<!-- Start accordion card div. -->\n<div class=\"ea-card  sp-ea-single\">\n\t<!-- Start accordion header. -->\n\t<h3 class=\"ea-header\">\n\t\t<!-- Add anchor tag for header. -->\n\t\t<a class=\"collapsed\" id=\"ea-header-248691\" role=\"button\" data-sptoggle=\"spcollapse\" data-sptarget=\"#collapse248691\" aria-controls=\"collapse248691\" href=\"#\"  aria-expanded=\"false\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"presentation\" class=\"ea-expand-icon eap-icon-ea-expand-plus\"><\/i> 2. Why was the Gupta-Vakataka alliance important?\t\t<\/a> <!-- Close anchor tag for header. -->\n\t<\/h3>\t<!-- Close header tag. -->\n\t<!-- Start collapsible content div. -->\n\t<div class=\"sp-collapse spcollapse \" id=\"collapse248691\" data-parent=\"#sp-ea-24869\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"ea-header-248691\">  <!-- Content div. -->\n\t\t<div class=\"ea-body\">\n\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The marriage between Rudrasena II (Vakataka) and Prabhavatigupta (Gupta princess) strengthened political and cultural ties between north and south. It secured southern boundaries for the Guptas and allowed the Vakatakas to gain legitimacy and stability in the Deccan.<\/span><\/p>\n\t\t<\/div> <!-- Close content div. -->\n\t<\/div> <!-- Close collapse div. -->\n<\/div> <!-- Close card div. -->\n<!-- Start accordion card div. -->\n<div class=\"ea-card  sp-ea-single\">\n\t<!-- Start accordion header. -->\n\t<h3 class=\"ea-header\">\n\t\t<!-- Add anchor tag for header. -->\n\t\t<a class=\"collapsed\" id=\"ea-header-248692\" role=\"button\" data-sptoggle=\"spcollapse\" data-sptarget=\"#collapse248692\" aria-controls=\"collapse248692\" href=\"#\"  aria-expanded=\"false\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"presentation\" class=\"ea-expand-icon eap-icon-ea-expand-plus\"><\/i> 3. Who was Pulakesi II and why is he significant?\t\t<\/a> <!-- Close anchor tag for header. -->\n\t<\/h3>\t<!-- Close header tag. -->\n\t<!-- Start collapsible content div. -->\n\t<div class=\"sp-collapse spcollapse \" id=\"collapse248692\" data-parent=\"#sp-ea-24869\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"ea-header-248692\">  <!-- Content div. -->\n\t\t<div class=\"ea-body\">\n\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Pulakesi II, the Chalukya king (609\u2013642 CE), is famous for defeating Harshavardhana at the Battle of Narmada. This victory ensured the Deccan remained independent from northern domination and established the Chalukyas as a pan-Indian power.<\/span><\/p>\n\t\t<\/div> <!-- Close content div. -->\n\t<\/div> <!-- Close collapse div. -->\n<\/div> <!-- Close card div. -->\n<!-- Start accordion card div. -->\n<div class=\"ea-card  sp-ea-single\">\n\t<!-- Start accordion header. -->\n\t<h3 class=\"ea-header\">\n\t\t<!-- Add anchor tag for header. -->\n\t\t<a class=\"collapsed\" id=\"ea-header-248693\" role=\"button\" data-sptoggle=\"spcollapse\" data-sptarget=\"#collapse248693\" aria-controls=\"collapse248693\" href=\"#\"  aria-expanded=\"false\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"presentation\" class=\"ea-expand-icon eap-icon-ea-expand-plus\"><\/i> 4. What was the Tripartite Struggle?\t\t<\/a> <!-- Close anchor tag for header. -->\n\t<\/h3>\t<!-- Close header tag. -->\n\t<!-- Start collapsible content div. -->\n\t<div class=\"sp-collapse spcollapse \" id=\"collapse248693\" data-parent=\"#sp-ea-24869\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"ea-header-248693\">  <!-- Content div. -->\n\t\t<div class=\"ea-body\">\n\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Tripartite Struggle was the three-way contest for control of Kanauj between the Rashtrakutas, Gurjara-Pratiharas, and Palas. It shows that Deccan kingdoms were not merely regional powers but actively pursued influence over northern India.<\/span><\/p>\n\t\t<\/div> <!-- Close content div. -->\n\t<\/div> <!-- Close collapse div. -->\n<\/div> <!-- Close card div. -->\n<!-- Start accordion card div. -->\n<div class=\"ea-card  sp-ea-single\">\n\t<!-- Start accordion header. -->\n\t<h3 class=\"ea-header\">\n\t\t<!-- Add anchor tag for header. -->\n\t\t<a class=\"collapsed\" id=\"ea-header-248694\" role=\"button\" data-sptoggle=\"spcollapse\" data-sptarget=\"#collapse248694\" aria-controls=\"collapse248694\" href=\"#\"  aria-expanded=\"false\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"presentation\" class=\"ea-expand-icon eap-icon-ea-expand-plus\"><\/i> 5. How did the Rashtrakutas rise to power?\t\t<\/a> <!-- Close anchor tag for header. -->\n\t<\/h3>\t<!-- Close header tag. -->\n\t<!-- Start collapsible content div. -->\n\t<div class=\"sp-collapse spcollapse \" id=\"collapse248694\" data-parent=\"#sp-ea-24869\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"ea-header-248694\">  <!-- Content div. -->\n\t\t<div class=\"ea-body\">\n\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Starting as Chalukya feudatories, the Rashtrakutas under Dantidurga overthrew the Chalukyas and expanded their empire across India. They combined military conquest with cultural patronage, building landmarks like the Kailasa Temple at Ellora.<\/span><\/p>\n\t\t<\/div> <!-- Close content div. -->\n\t<\/div> <!-- Close collapse div. -->\n<\/div> <!-- Close card div. -->\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{ \"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\", \"@type\": \"FAQPage\", \"mainEntity\": [{ \"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"1. Who were the major dynasties in the Deccan after the Gupta decline?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": { \"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"After the Gupta decline, the Deccan saw the rise of the Vakatakas, Chalukyas of Badami, Rashtrakutas, Later Chalukyas, Yadavas, Kakatiyas, and Hoysalas. These dynasties shaped regional politics through warfare, alliances, and cultural patronage, marking the Deccan as an independent power center.\" } },{ \"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"2. Why was the Gupta-Vakataka alliance important?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": { \"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The marriage between Rudrasena II (Vakataka) and Prabhavatigupta (Gupta princess) strengthened political and cultural ties between north and south. It secured southern boundaries for the Guptas and allowed the Vakatakas to gain legitimacy and stability in the Deccan.\" } },{ \"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"3. 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[&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":14,"featured_media":24861,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[146,26],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-24854","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-history","category-ugc-net-notes","entry","has-media"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24854","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/14"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=24854"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24854\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":26018,"href":"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24854\/revisions\/26018"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/24861"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=24854"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=24854"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=24854"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}