{"id":9347,"date":"2025-04-12T15:41:27","date_gmt":"2025-04-12T10:11:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/?p=9347"},"modified":"2025-04-12T15:41:27","modified_gmt":"2025-04-12T10:11:27","slug":"structure-functionalism-and-structuralism","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/ugc-net-notes\/structure-functionalism-and-structuralism\/","title":{"rendered":"Structure- Functionalism and Structuralism Paper 2 Sociology UGC NET"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"9347\" class=\"elementor elementor-9347\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-15d8fa13 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"15d8fa13\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f62bd03\" data-id=\"f62bd03\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4d93ba82 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4d93ba82\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Here are comprehensive notes on Functionalism and Structuralism for the UGC NET JRF exam. The structure is based on key concepts, theorists, and their influence on sociology.<\/span><\/p><h2><b>Functionalism Sociology UGC NET JRF Exam<\/b><\/h2><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Functionalism is a major theoretical perspective in sociology that emphasizes the way in which the parts of a society are structured to maintain its stability. Functionalists view society as a complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability. This theory is rooted in the works of key sociologists like Emile Durkheim, Bronislaw Malinowski, A.R. Radcliffe- Brown, Talcott Parsons, Robert K. Merton, and Claude Levi Strauss.<\/span><\/p><h3><b>Important Thinkers and Contributions<\/b><\/h3><ul><li aria-level=\"1\"><h4><b>Emile Durkheim (1858\u20131917):<\/b><\/h4><\/li><\/ul><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Social Facts: Durkheim focused on social facts, which are aspects of social life that exist outside of individuals but exert influence over their behavior (Example- laws, morals, customs).<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Solidarity: Durkheim identified two types of solidarity- Mechanical Solidarity and organic Solidarity.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Anomie: A breakdown of social norms, which leads to instability.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><ul><li aria-level=\"1\"><h4><b>Talcott Parsons (1902\u20131979):<\/b><\/h4><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">AGIL Model: Parsons developed the AGIL scheme to explain the functional prerequisites of any society:<\/span><\/p><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A: Adaptation (society&#8217;s ability to adapt to its environment).<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">G: Goal Attainment (achievement of societal goals).<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">I: Integration (coordination and stability of society&#8217;s parts).<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L: Latency (socializing and maintaining cultural patterns).<\/span><\/li><\/ul><ul><li aria-level=\"1\"><h4><b>Robert K. Merton (1910\u20132003):<\/b><\/h4><\/li><\/ul><ul><li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Manifest and Latent Functions: Merton introduced the idea that actions have both manifest (intended) and latent (unintended) consequences.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Strain Theory: Merton&#8217;s strain theory focuses on the discrepancy between societal goals and the means available to achieve them, which can lead to deviance.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Function and Dysfunction: He highlighted that not all aspects of society are functional. Some parts may have dysfunctions that harm societal stability.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><h3><b>Key Features of Functionalism<\/b><\/h3><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Social System<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Society is seen as a system where each part <\/span><b>(individuals, groups, institutions) <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">works together.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Interdependence<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Parts of society depend on each other to function effectively.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Consensus and Stability<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Functionalism focuses on how social order and stability are maintained through consensus on norms and values.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Equilibrium<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Social systems tend to<\/span><b> maintain equilibrium, <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">adjusting to changes and disruptions.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><h3><b>Key Concepts in Functionalism<\/b><\/h3><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Social Structure<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Social structure refers to the organized system of social relationships and institutions that form the foundation of a society.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Social Institutions<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Structures in society that meet the basic needs of individuals, such as family, education, religion, economy, and government.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Equilibrium<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Functionalists believe that societies are naturally in a state of equilibrium, and any changes or disruptions are temporary and resolved through adaptations.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><h3><b>Functionalism and Society<\/b><\/h3><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Macro-Level Analysis<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Functionalism examines society as a whole, focusing on large-scale structures and their roles in the functioning of society.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Integration of Parts<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Functionalists emphasize how social institutions work together to ensure social cohesion and order.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Social Change<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: While functionalism generally views social change as gradual and adaptive, it also acknowledges that rapid changes can occur, but these changes typically serve a function in maintaining equilibrium.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><h3><b>Criticism of Functionalism<\/b><\/h3><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Overemphasis on Stability<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Critics argue that functionalism neglects the role of conflict and change in society. It assumes that all elements of society function to maintain stability, which may not always be the case.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Deterministic Nature<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Functionalism is often criticized for being too deterministic, implying that individuals are shaped by social structures with little room for agency. Focuses more on societal structures than individual actions.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Exclusion of Power Dynamics<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Functionalism tends to ignore power disparities in society and overlooks the role of inequality.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Social Inequality<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Critics argue that functionalism justifies inequality by claiming that social hierarchies have a purpose in maintaining social order.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><h2><b>Structuralism Sociology UGC NET JRF Exam<\/b><\/h2><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Structuralism is a sociological approach in sociology that seeks to understand the fundamental structures that influence both society and individual behavior. It suggests that human culture and social relations are influenced by deep, hidden structures, which can be analyzed through language, institutions, and social practices. Structuralism was popularized by key figures like Claude L\u00e9vi-Strauss, Emile Durkheim, and Louis Althusser. The theory emphasizes that these structures exist independently of individuals and must be studied to understand social life.<\/span><\/p><h3><b>Important Thinkers and Contributions<\/b><\/h3><ul><li aria-level=\"1\"><h4><b>Claude Levi-Strauss<\/b><\/h4><\/li><\/ul><ul><li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><ul><li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Levi-Strauss applied structural analysis to anthropology, focusing on how myths and cultural patterns reflect underlying structures of human thought.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Myths as Structures: Myths reflect the universal structures of the human mind. He believed that the human mind processes information in structured, binary ways.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><ul><li aria-level=\"1\"><h4><b>Emile Durkheim<\/b><\/h4><\/li><\/ul><ul><li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><ul><li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Although not strictly a structuralist, Durkheim&#8217;s focus on social facts and the importance of collective consciousness aligns with structuralist ideas.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Durkheim&#8217;s work laid the foundation for structural analysis in sociology.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><ul><li aria-level=\"1\"><h4><b>Louis Althusser<\/b><\/h4><\/li><\/ul><ul><li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Althusser, a Marxist theorist, incorporated structuralism into his understanding of ideology and state power.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">He argued that social structures (such as institutions, the economy, and the state) influence individual consciousness.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><h3><b>Structuralism and Society<\/b><\/h3><ul><li aria-level=\"1\"><b>Focus on Relationships, Not Individuals<\/b><\/li><\/ul><ul><li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><ul><li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Structuralism emphasizes that the meaning and behavior of individuals are shaped by the social structures they exist within. It looks at the collective rather than focusing on individual agency.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><ul><li aria-level=\"1\"><b>Cultural Analysis<\/b><\/li><\/ul><ul><li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Structuralism is primarily concerned with how cultural and symbolic systems (e.g., myths, language, rituals) create meaning in society. It seeks to uncover the hidden structures behind these practices.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><h3><b>Criticism of Structuralism<\/b><\/h3><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Overemphasis on Determinism<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Neglect of Social Change<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Poststructuralism<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Static and Reductionist<\/span><\/li><\/ul><h2><b>Differences Between Functionalism and Structuralism<\/b><\/h2><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>View on Social Change:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Functionalism tends to emphasize stability and gradual change, while structuralism focuses more on deep structures that shape societal behaviors and meanings, often with little regard for individual agency.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Focus of Study:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Functionalism is more focused on social functions and institutions, whereas structuralism deals with the underlying cultural and linguistic structures.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Agency<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Functionalism tends to overlook individual agency, while structuralism also tends to neglect agency by focusing on deterministic structures.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><h2><b>Conclusion<\/b><\/h2><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Functionalism focuses on how social institutions maintain stability and order through consensus and gradual change. In contrast, Structuralism examines the hidden structures, like language and myths, that shape culture and society. While both highlight social structures, Functionalism emphasizes stability, while Structuralism uncovers deeper cultural frameworks.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-7260a6ac elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7260a6ac\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-3ac3359\" data-id=\"3ac3359\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31bcaeed elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31bcaeed\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span style=\"font-weight:normal\" id=\"docs-internal-guid-ccf6bbe2-7fff-22ec-09ca-5d74851c195d\"><span style=\"font-size: 16pt;, serif;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 700;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal\">Structure- Functionalism and Structuralism FAQs<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-514bf5d2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-accordion\" data-id=\"514bf5d2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1361\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1361\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-chevron-down\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><i class=\"fas fa-chevron-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">What is Functionalism in Sociology?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1361\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1361\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Functionalism is a theoretical perspective that views society as a complex system whose parts work together to maintain stability and solidarity. It emphasizes the role of social institutions like family, education, and religion in maintaining social order and equilibrium.<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1362\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1362\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-chevron-down\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><i class=\"fas fa-chevron-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">What is Structuralism in Sociology?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1362\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1362\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Structuralism is an approach that emphasizes understanding the underlying structures, such as language and cultural systems, that shape society and individual behavior.<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1363\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1363\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-chevron-down\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><i class=\"fas fa-chevron-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">What is the concept of binary oppositions in Structuralism?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1363\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1363\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Claude L\u00e9vi-Strauss argued that human thought operates through binary oppositions, such as good\/evil or male\/female. These oppositions structure cultural and social systems and reflect the underlying mental frameworks that shape human society.<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1364\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1364\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-chevron-down\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><i class=\"fas fa-chevron-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">How does Structuralism differ from Functionalism?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1364\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1364\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">While both perspectives focus on social structures, Functionalism emphasizes the roles that different parts of society play in maintaining stability and equilibrium. In contrast, Structuralism focuses on uncovering hidden cultural structures and their impact on meaning and behavior, often neglecting individual agency.<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1365\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1365\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-chevron-down\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><i class=\"fas fa-chevron-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">How is Functionalism applied in the modern world?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1365\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1365\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Functionalism has been used to analyze globalization and the interconnectedness of societies. It also helps in understanding the role of institutions like education, family, and religion in maintaining social order and adapting to technological and cultural changes in contemporary society.<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Here are comprehensive notes on Functionalism and Structuralism for the UGC NET JRF exam. The structure is based on key concepts, theorists, and their influence on sociology. Functionalism Sociology UGC NET JRF Exam Functionalism is a major theoretical perspective in sociology that emphasizes the way in which the parts of a society are structured to [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":652,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[26],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9347","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ugc-net-notes","entry","has-media"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9347","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/11"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9347"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9347\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9356,"href":"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9347\/revisions\/9356"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/652"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9347"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9347"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.jrfadda.com\/exams\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9347"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}